Used self-ratings to compare 96 shy and nonshy tenth-grade students. The shy group reported significantly more negative self-ratings on loneliness, interference of shyness with academic success and friendships, shyness around the opposite sex, and belief in the noticeability of shyness. There were no significant group differences in self-liking.…

Interviewed 63 nonworking and 42 working mothers with a first baby to examine the relationship between previous work involvement and the experience of first-time motherhood. Results showed high-work-involvement women tended to report greater irritability and higher costs of motherhood. For working mothers, work involvement was generally unrelated…

Compared 30 hospitalized suicidal adolescents, 34 hospitalized nonsuicidal adolescents, and 35 controls to examine factors in suicide attempts. Results showed suicidals had significantly more peer problems, a greater degree of hopelessness, and felt their families were the most maladjusted. They also experienced significantly more external locus…

Individual differences in working memory capacity affect the probability of resolving apparent inconsistencies in sentences. Resolution was less likely for readers with small working memories. Such readers devote so many resources to reading processes that they have less capacity for retaining earlier verbatim wording in working memory. (Author/RD)

Subjects read a supposedly real news account of a medical experiment in which the scarcity of the treatment employed and the amount of scientific justification for the experiment were experimentally varied. Factors that might influence public attitudes about social experiments are explored. (Author/DEP)

Four experimental conflict situations having theoretical implications have been reported upon with some frequency. The purpose of this study was to compare individual differences on a common measure, response latency, in order to determine the stability of behavior across these four conflict situations using a comparative latency measure. (Editor)

A sample of 42 professional and 46 non-professional men and women reported order of preference for 10 job characteristics (five motivators and five hygienes). Both sexes regarded motivators as personally more important than hygienes but non-professional respondents were significantly more concerned about hygienes than the professional group.…

The purpose of this study was to investigate salience of overt teaching biases among pre-service teachers. Psychological and self-reported characteristics and views were examined among 114 pre-service teachers to determine whether those characteristics and views were consistent with known tendencies associated with cognitive perceptual ability.…

Trustees find themselves in the middle of an ongoing battle over accountability and autonomy. Government officials accuse the academy of being more interested in autonomy than accountability--more interested in demanding financial support than in serving public priorities. Business leaders question the responsiveness of colleges and universities…

The andragogical model of adult learning and education developed by Malcolm Knowles. the basis for much of "adult learning theory", is summarized and reviewed in terms of its assumptions, principles and recommended practices. By recasting the model as a theory with attendant hypotheses, it is then critiqued in terms of its theoretical adequacy and…

Effectively managing change is one of the most critical challenges organizations today face. Increasing the readiness for change (RFC) of employees may be one of the most important interventions an organization can initiate. This study investigated the relationship of employee RFC and margin in life (MIL). It studied the relationship of various…

This study interviewed five philosophically precocious individuals (PPIs), four Chinese and one American, to examine their development. Theoretical frameworks used to evaluate data were the Transcendence Evolution Model and the taxonomy of developmental strategies. The Transcendence Evolution Model posits that children's different developmental…

It is imperative that counselors understand the difference in their personal perspective of what constitutes a family and the perspective of others, as well as the difference in personal perspective and "scientific knowledge". Beginning to acknowledge these differences is the first step in integrating diversity into counseling skills.…

A large battery of various tests of intelligence, scholastic achievement, and short-term memory was administered to some 2,000 white, Negro and Mexican-American pupils in grades 4, 5, and 6 in a largely agricultural school district in the central valley of California. (Author)

This study of six departments at the University of California at Davis indicates that the primary difference between faculty who have a high level of interaction with students and those who do not is one of style. (Author)