Traditionally the unit of analysis in marital research has been the individual spouse. More recently the marital relationship has often been defined as a process of interaction and dynamic exchanges such that spouses have autonomous needs as well as corporate needs for interdependence. Thus modern systems theory heightens the importance of both…

The fulfillment of the need for intimacy is believed to be central to adult life satisfaction, particularly in young adulthood. To explore the development of intimacy in women and to assess the relationships among intimacy status, locus of control, and self-disclosure, 97 college women with an average age of 30 were placed into 1 of 5 intimacy…

Students in the middle school are all sizes and shapes physically, at different levels of mental maturity and at different stages of socialization. The diverse needs of these individuals can be satisfied only by providing a comprehensive physical education program containing a required program supplemented with intramurals, club sports and…

Although researchers have been interested in identifying characteristics of students using college counseling centers, research approaches have been varied and unsystematic. To investigate student use of the counseling center using the Clark-Trow subculture model, 582 University of Maryland college freshmen were administered a single item…

Entrenched dogma about the primacy of reading hinders real learning. (JH)

A multidimensional model for measuring cultural differences (MCD) based on factor analytic theory and techniques is proposed. The model assumes that a cultural space may be defined by means of a relatively small number of orthogonal dimensions which are linear combinations of a much larger number of cultural variables. Once a suitable,…

This article, which sheds light on the variety of symbol use among children, discusses the need to investigate each symbolic medium separately and to integrate cognitive and affective aspects underlying artistic production. (Editor/RK)

It is concluded that equality of endowment is a myth dreamed up for ideological and political reasons. Educational policies must not be dictated by such fictions which fail to take into account biological reality. More quantitative studies are required to make equality of opportunity a concrete and realistic ideal. (EH)

Traditional test scoring does not allow the examination of differences among subjects obtaining identical raw scores on the same test. A configuration scoring paradigm for identical raw scores, which provides for such comparisons, is developed and illustrated. (Author)

Males and females who differed on measures of defensiveness and anxiety predicted, and in a later experimental interview evaluated, their verbal exploration and subjective comfort following a role-induction exercise. Low defensive-low anxious subjects were most successful in their overall participation. (Author)

Clarifies issues involved in use of heart rate as index of newborn attentional responsivity by reviewing related studies and concluding that heart rate variability can be used in studying attentional responsivity state, and intra-individual and individual variables. (ED)

Determines whether parents in normal families can predict their children's perceptions of family relations as measured by the Family Relations Tests. (Author/DEP)

In two experiments, judges evaluated fictitious protocols that varied in the number and uniqueness of the answers. Criteria for judgments were creativity, intelligence and gender. (Author/DEP)

The effects of task-focused and approval-focused desists were investigated under conditions of limited information. Eighth grade students heard one of two tape-recorded desists. They then rated the target of the desists and the teacher who gave it on personality trait and degree of confidence scales. (Author/DEP)