In this commentary to Westergaard (2021), we focus on two main questions. The first, and most important, is what type of L3 data may be construed as supporting evidence--as opposed to a compatible outcome--for the Linguistic Proximity Model. In this regard, we highlight a number of areas in which it remains difficult to derive testable predictions…

Researchers have found that computer modeling fosters the learning of causal mechanisms in systems, an important crosscutting concept in science that many novice learners find challenging. Despite the research that highlights the role of teacher's instructional practices in enacting computer tools, few studies have considered teachers' use of…

The purpose of this study is to determine what good coaching during design-based learning (DBL) entails by integrating theoretical and practical perspectives on good coaching. For this purpose, a grounded theory approach was used. For the practical perspective, themes on good coaching were derived from a qualitative study on coaching by observing…

Game-based learning environments are designed to provide effective and engaging learning experiences for students. Predictive student models use trace data extracted from students' in-game learning behaviors to unobtrusively generate early assessments of student knowledge and skills, equipping game-based learning environments with the capacity to…

Assessing students' participation in science practices presents several challenges, especially when aiming to differentiate meaningful (vs. rote) forms of participation. In this study, we sought to use machine learning (ML) for a novel purpose in science assessment: developing a construct map for students' "consideration of generality,"…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the associations between students' basic psychological needs satisfaction, including novelty satisfaction, and the four aspects of student engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from a total sample of 743 undergraduate students from three public universities in northern…

Leadership is one of the essential factors that can influence community involvement in realizing the character of male and female students in the "pesantren" (Islamic boarding schools) in Jambi, Indonesia. This study proposed "Nyai"'s (female religious leaders in the "pesantren") charismatic, economic, and social…

Examining the effect primary school teachers' preferred teaching method has on primary school students' mathematics achievement is important. In this context, the purpose of the research is to determine whether the worked example method is effective on students' ability to learn fundamental knowledge about fractions and their success in solving…

Learning to create, use, and evaluate models is a central element of becoming a scientist. In physics, we often begin an analysis of a complicated system with highly simplified or toy models. In introductory physics classes, we tend to use them without comment or motivation. Some students infer that physics is irrelevant to their understanding of…

A flipped classroom model is an indispensable part of the English as a foreign language (EFL) writing courses as it helps the instructor to advance the learners' writing proficiency levels (Pavanelli, 2018). However, EFL students' attitudes toward the in-class and out-of-class writing models in a flipped classroom process are unknown.…

Peer learning programs have been developed to support many introductory science courses by providing additional instruction and engagement. These programs are beneficial to both learners and instructors, providing content learning and confidence and attitudinal gains. There is evidence that the benefits of peer learning are higher when students…

Rarely are scientific phenomena isolated to a single discipline such as biology, chemistry, physics, Earth science, or others. Rather, these phenomena span multiple disciplines and often require bringing together content and understandings from multiple disciplines to engage with or explain the target phenomena. This study uses a model-based…

Internationally, creativity is a widely discussed construct that is pivotal to educational practice and curriculum. It is often situated alongside technology as a key component of education futures. Despite the enthusiasm for integrating creativity with technologies in classrooms, there is a lack of common ground within and between disciplines and…

"Pulse of the Profession," published by Project Management Institutes (2017), reported that failed projects always lacked (a) clearly defined objectives to measure progress and (b) poor communication between team members. Minimizing communication costs and maximizing trust levels are essential to improve the efficiency of team…

Over the past decade, identifying how schools might reduce student absenteeism has moved to the forefront of education policy. Yet little research has examined whether school type itself is important. We focus on the influence of Catholic schools using data from the past decade--the most relevant policy context for addressing absenteeism. The…