Aimed to establish extent to which toddlers' social behaviors in recurrent play groups may become characterized by an increased consistency and predictability during second year of life, particularly first versus third trimester. Concurrent observations in contrasting settings provided data for examining differences in extent of cross-situational…

Explored origins of individual differences in infant shyness by studying its relationship to parental shyness, sociability, and introversion-extraversion. Full adoption design examined role of both genetic and family environmental influences as possible etiological factors in development of infant shyness. Results indicate genetic influences and…

Combinatorial abilities in language and elicited symbolic play were compared in a longitudinal study of 30 children at 20 and 28 months. In addition, multivariate analyses were used to assess the stability of individual differences. Generally, different symbolic play variables contributed unique explained variance to different language variables.…

Twenty-five infants were tested every two weeks on the AB Object Permanence Task, from the time they first reached for a hidden object until they were 12 months old. Results indicate that the AB provides an index of the ability to carry out an intention based on stored information despite a conflicting habitual tendency. (Author/RH)

Marked individual differences found among 2- to 3-year-olds in comments about their infant siblings were correlated with differences in comments 3 to 4 years later. Differences in behavior toward sibs at the earlier date were correlated with differences in mothers' accounts of sibling's relationships at 6 years of age. (Author/RH)

Assessed temperament of newborn twins using comprehensive neonatal exam that focused on irritability, resistance to soothing activity, and reinforcement value. Some infants were later assessed at 9 months. Emotional activity appeared to be core dimension stretching over ages and is discussed in relation to formulations of infant temperament.…

Secondary students read and discuss Richard Sever's book "Lisa H." (Harper and Row, 1985), the story of how a young girl suffering from a genetic disorder that severely disfigured her face and head draws on inner resources to meet the challenge of life. Discussion questions and student activities are suggested. (RM)

This review is an attempt to assess both mastery learning proponents' and mastery learning critics' claims in the context of learning time differences. The discussion is situated within the historic debates about stable versus alterable differences and the author's contention of an equilibrium reached by current leveling practices. (Author)

Examined cognitive learning styles and levels of moral judgment in 781 urban college students, who completed the Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Style Scale or the Defining Issues Test. Results showed predominantly participative and collaborative cognitive learning styles. The prevailing view of morality was doing one's duty within society. (JAC)

Examined the relationship between scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI) and Locus of Control Scale (LOC) in 156 apprehended drunken drivers. Results showed that scores on the MAST were independent of LOC, but positively related to results on PSI scales. (LLL)

Discusses Johnson's decision-making theory that information can be gathered in a systematic or spontaneous manner and analyzed either externally or internally. Applies the theory to the helping relationship, assesses the styles of a decision-making inventory, and attempts to determine the reliability and validity of the inventory. (JAC)

Evaluated the attitudes toward life and death held by 52 suicidal and 58 normal children, by means of quantitative responses to questions that followed fairy-tale stories. Results indicated that the suicidal children, in contrast to normal children, showed a high degree of repulsion by life and attraction to death. (LLL)

A major and well-recognized difficulty in estimating the effects of education on earnings is that the more educated are likely to be more able, irrespective of education. This problem is studied using data on identical twins to control for differences in ability that arise from genetic endowments and family environment. (WL)

This study described the relationship between the affiliation and succorance scales of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and each of 32 other test and biographical variables. The pattern of correlates with the need for affiliation was compared with the pattern of correlates with need for succorance. (Author)

Relationships of sex role attitudes and fear of success with college women's grade point average, academic major, and future career and marriage plans are examined. Sex role attitudes were related to major, career and marriage plans. Fear of success was not related to grade point average, major, career or marriage plans. (Author)