Defines communication apprehension as fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person, and discusses its causes, consequences, and prevention. (SKC)

Several foreign language classroom activities that either allow for students' individual differences or aim to give value to students' personal identities are described. (MSE)

Tested Gilligan's (1982) claim that men and women differ in moral judgments. College students read four traditional moral dilemmas and rated the importance of 12 considerations for deciding how the protagonist should respond. There were no reliable sex differences on moral reasoning. Sex-typed personality measures also failed to predict individual…

Assesses the effects of situational, teacher, and student difference variables that affect experienced teachers' selection of compliance-gaining techniques. Concludes that teachers' compliance-gaining message selection was substantially influenced by misbehavior type and intensity. (MM)

Disputes claims concerning the association between strange-situation behavior around 12-20 months of age and subsequent child performance. Maintains studies have precluded causal inferences about the direction and nature of effects, finding associations only when the quality of care received was stable, thus, precluding inferences about the…

Examined how an unstable rather than stable view of dispositions--that is, personality traits and abilities--affected the motivational consequences of 7- and 8-year-old children's success and failure experiences, and their self-confidence and impressions of other persons. (SKC)

The persistence of individual differences in phonological development of 10 normally developing children observed at age one and again at age three was studied. The children differed considerably in rate of vocabulary acquisition and relative phonological maturity and also in their general approach to learning. (Author/JDD)

"Let's Celebrate Uniqueness" is a one-semester whole class program designed for fourth to seventh grade gifted and non-gifted students. Specific activities are suggested for the four program steps: (1) understanding the concept of uniqueness, (2) recognition of uniqueness of self, (3) recognition of uniqueness of others, (4) and valuing uniqueness…

A path model of genetic and shared family environmental transmission was fitted to general cognitive ability data from 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old adopted and nonadopted children and their parents to assess the etiology of longitudinal stability from infancy to early childhood. (HOD)

Experiment 1 examined the position that mirror-image confusions reflect an inability among three- to five-year-olds to determine whether their performance level differences reflect differences among nonreaders already attending and those not yet attending to reading cues. Experiment 2 examined the Experiment 1 four- and five-year-olds, identified…

Discusses the potential role of temperament dimensions for the development of mother-infant attachment relations as measured by the Strange Situation Assessment. (HOD)

Compared 32 childfree with 20 child-anticipated couples. No differences were found between the groups on marital adjustment, marital type, or sex role identification, although a trend was found suggesting that childfree women tended to view themselves as less sex-typed than child-anticipated women. (Author/NRB)

Study of children aged 21 to 31 months tentatively concludes: (1)behavioral tendency to be inhibited or uninhibited with unfamiliar people or during unfamiliar events is moderately stable across time and context; and (2)moderately negative relationship exists between behavioral inhibition and heart rate variability, and positive relationship…

Three studies investigated: the effect of parent involvement on the exploratory behaviors of children rated as high-, moderate-, or low-explorers; whether maternal presence increased the exploration of low-exploratory children, decreased the exploration of high-exploratory children, or both; and whether maternal presence or mother/child…

This study synthesizes published and unpublished research on the effects of adaptive education on student outcomes. The study found adaptive education affects student outcomes positively and suggests that tailoring instruction to individual students is more effective than traditional educational methods. (MD)