This paper explores the relationship between age and individual differences. Two hypotheses were tested through the use of repeated measures of functioning in terms of social, psychological, and physiological parameters: (1) individual differences do not decrease with age, and (2) individuals tend to maintain the same rank in relation to age peers…

This study attempts to assess the effects of high school consolidation on the achievement, aspirations, and adjustment of students by following one cohort through a newly-consolidated school in a southern Appalachian county beginning in 1968. The study compares the consolidated students with students in a nearby nonconsolidated school during the…

The Infant-Infant Contact Code, developed to observe the social behavior in infants, is described. Results from using this scale with nine infants under nine months indicated that contacts between infants are complex in nature, that there are developmental changes in models of encounter, and that babies take different roles in relation to the…

The study makes use of Rotter's (1966) hypothesis that there are consistent individual differences between people who believe in the internal control of reinforcement and those who believe in the external control of reinforcement. Students who are "internals" will believe that their behavior controls academic successes and failures and may,…

Research reported dealt with teaching two seventh-grade classes using detailed behavioral objectives related to the topics and grouping techniques to provide for individualized instruction. The objectives were written at three levels--Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced--for each topic. The management procedure for each topic included initial class…

With the advance of computers, extensive work has been undertaken in the field of programmed instruction. Much effort has been invested to devise schemes of optimal instruction with respect to suitable criteria. Yet, what is needed is a theory which prescribes how learning can be improved, i.e., a theory of instruction. The present study is…

The authors investigate MacDonald's (1969) hypothesis that a sex by birth order interaction should be observed in measures related to sex typing. Since first borns are more thoroughly socialized, MacDonald reasons, and since parental expectations differ according to the child's sex, then first born boys and girls on sex typed variables.…

A detailed analysis of the objectives of education and the practices of schooling leads to the suggestion that neither are being achieved. Proposed is a revised statement of the goal of education: Education is to assist the student to be adaptive with respect to extra-school tasks. The following educational objectives seem relevant to realizing…

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES WHICH AFFECT THE ABILITY TO ACQUIRE WORD UNDERSTANDING WERE INVESTIGATED. GROUPS OF EIGHT CHILDREN WERE ADMINISTERED THE "WORD CONTEXT TEST." TWELVE DIFFERENT GROUPS WERE FORMED BY VARYING GRADE LEVEL (THIRD VERSUS SIXTH), SEX, AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (WHITE MIDDLE CLASS, NEGRO LOWER STATUS, AND WHITE LOWER…

The seven Barber Scales of Self-Regard for Preschool Children allow parents to rate their child's developmental level for seven components of self-image. This article addresses the question of variability of individual children across all seven components of self-regard. Complete sets of rated scales for 42 children are displayed. The 42 profiles…

Presents three examples of people who, in spite of substantial obstacles, were able to make a difference in the education of students. (Author)

Examines intrinsic individual differences in conceptual behavior with a multivariate model, three mode factor analysis. The analyses yielded five individual difference performance factors, three stage factors, and four response components indicating the importance of a multivariate representation of complex behavior. (Author/DEP)

Reports on the development and study of a test of the ability to decode affect in others through the use of videotaped sequences of facial expressions and gestures. (MH)

Possible interactions of individual learning differences and mode of presentation were investigated in college students. Individual differences in learning were found to be reliable and just as predictable across as within modalities. Subjects could not be reliably classified in terms of auditory-visual preference scores. (Author/BH)

Research on educable retarded children is reviewed to explicate components of and a theory of intelligence. Studies of control processes in memory and problem solving indicate that the ability to generalize is a major component of intelligence. Research on individual differences in components of information processing systems are also discussed.…