In the model presented here, it is proposed that four factors and their interrelationships be considered when planning moral values instruction: the desired values of a society or subculture, learner ability, learner motivation, and theory-based instructional design principles. (Author)

Examined the effect of divorce and remarriage on global happiness. Remarried men report themselves significantly more happy than men in first marriages. Remarried women are less happy. Observed differences in global happiness seem to be systematically related to differences in social integration, socioeconomic status, and general and marital…

Physiological data can be obtained that supplements the subjective evaluations of experienced selectors of competitive oarsmen. (PBS)

Analysis of MMPI test differences between 120 aged inmates (age 60 and above) and a representative population sample of 2,551 male inmates revealed that the mean test profiles of both groups were indicative of a behavior disorder, with aged inmates presenting more neurotic and less psychopathic responses.

Used multilevel analyses to examined the amounts of time infants spent asleep, awake, content, feeding, fussing, and crying at 2, 6, 12, and 40 weeks of age. Found that day-to-day fluctuations accounted for between 44 and 53% of the variance in amounts of time sleeping, fussing, and crying. (MDM)

Reviews modern and postmodern conceptions of the child and associated educational practices. The modern conception conflated the universal biological child with the individual psychological child. Although this dual conceptualization of child nature was probably necessary to the establishment of free public education, it often hinders effective…

Discusses Adolph's research on locomotion with regard to the requirements of an ecological psychology, especially the use of control laws; her examination of individual styles and normative patterns as it reflects a dynamic systems perspective; and her use of cognitive processes of decision making in explaining why infants approach or avoid a…

Examined possibility that arousability as manifested in sensitization contributes to individual differences in infants' attentional profiles. Sensitization tended to occur more frequently with more complex than with less complex checkerboards. Infants showing sensitization looked longer and did not habituate as readily as infants who showed no…

Reviews research on external memory strategies, provides a rationale for using neural network models, and discusses their application to intellectual and developmental differences in the external memory strategies of typical and atypical children, including those with mental retardation. Examines mechanisms of intellectual differences and…

The grounded experiences of two participatory evaluation case studies indicate that, when action is the desired outcome of an evaluation, somewhat less rather than more diversity of stakeholder participation is actually what is wanted. A narrowing of diversity is not necessarily in violation of democratic participatory aims. (SLD)

Evaluated three test development procedures designed to measure different levels of domain expertise. Experts and novices in psychology and physics took tests generated by the procedures intended to measure ability to understand, draw inferences from, and recognize "big ideas" in technical text. Results were consistent with the…

Education at its best is an "aptitude development program" that promotes development of learning abilities and effective personal styles needed for future learning in school and throughout life. Much of this development involves adapting and expanding the symbol systems used in teaching and learning to convey essential meanings. Adaptive…

Individual differences in the ability to connect thoughts to emotions were studied with 321 participants who read the writings of a target group and guessed the emotions of targets. Findings are interpreted to mean that some forms of emotional problem solving require emotional openness as well as general intelligence. (SLD)

An essay drawn from a book on the unintended effects of high-stakes tests claims that public images of student assessment are influenced significantly by the cultural symbols of the one-room schoolhouse, sports competition, the factory model, and Disney. (Author/MLF)

Reports on a study that investigated the extent to which two individual learner variables (ethnocultural pairing and gender) and certain types of task (free conversation and decision making) have an effect on negotiation opportunities provided for and by advanced Japanese and Korean male and female English-as-a-Second-Language learners.…