This paper proposes a generalization of Thurstonian probabilistic choice models for analyzing both multiple preference responses and their relationships. The approach is illustrated by modeling data from two multivariate preference experiments. Preliminary data analyses show that the extension can yield an adequate representation of multivariate…

Researchers and practitioners agree that learning styles stem from a nature/nurture combination; students of all styles can be successful learners; students are more successful when using their style strengths; and diverse teaching styles are essential. This article discusses implementation issues, cultural factors, alternative teaching styles,…

Examines the writings of J. Dewey and L. Vygotsky as part of the turn-of-the-century human sciences, highlighting the way in which each functioned to bring the new democratic rationalities into the governing of individual conduct, and tracing the origins of constructivist pedagogy. Contains approximately 200 references. (SLD)

In an uncertain teaching world, neophyte teachers should be provided with tools to perceive dilemmas with intelligence and sensitivity and make thoughtful, informed decisions to guide their actions. Learning to apply knowledge to practice requires going beyond what one sees and hears, analyzing the situation's meaning, and acting appropriately.…

This empirical study of Finnish University students reports on cognitive activities when hypertext readers construct interpretations, appreciate multiple perspectives and become able to manipulate the knowledge-construction process itself. Discusses knowledge acquisition, cognitive flexibility theory, reading strategies, individual differences,…

An individual differences model of learning from instructional text was tested with 211 Air Force recruits. Results strongly supported the model, which suggests that learning from text is determined by making connections among ideas that include the text and prior learning. Making the connections depends on individual differences. (SLD)

Two studies explored one university's application of learner-type segmentation to enable a better understanding of its undergraduate students. Tested the hypothesized segments of "job focused,""knowledge seeker,""socio-economic advantage,""stepper," and "undecided" through surveys and focus groups.…

Reprints an article originally published in 1953. Suggests that high standards of accomplishment in school will require the development of a definite homework program for students. Argues that homework requires students to develop time management skills, tends to bring school into the home, develops the idea that school is a full-time job, and…

Argues that developmental significance of friendships cannot be examined without distinguishing between the concepts of having friends, the identity of the child's friends, and friendship quality. Concludes that the identity of the child's friends and friendship quality may be more closely tied to developmental outcomes than merely whether the…

Explored relation between temperament and cardiac vagal tone in 12-week olds. Found that infants with higher baseline vagal tone showed fewer negative behaviors in the laboratory and were less disrupted by experimental procedures than infants with lower baselines. Infants who decreased cardiac vagal tone during assessments were rated by mothers as…

Argues against hopping on the assessment bandwagon, asserting that every experience of learning, like each learner, is singular. Asserts that provision comes before assessment, teaching before testing. (EV)

Surveyed British academics, hypothesizing that the effect of Britain's Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) on individual academics is dependent on their self-assessed level of research activity. Found that the RAE's effect does appear to be dependent on level of research activity, with moderately active researchers the most influenced to increase…

Estimated parameters of the trajectory of change in marital quality over first 10 years of marriage. Found that both spouses started trajectories of change at fairly high levels of marital quality, with quality declining rapidly in the early years, stabilizing, and then declining again. Individual-differences variables predicted initial status of…

Considers five factors as to why research on the therapeutic process has little impact on the counseling profession. These factors are (1) reliance on experiential/personal knowledge; (2) reliance on non-axiomatic truths; (3) lack of theoretical rigor; (4) tendency to work within a theory and defend it; and (5) personalization of theory. Results…

Examines the within-group differences that exist among children with some degree of hearing loss. Argues that considering these differences will assist service providers in improving services. Provides a rationale for viewing service options for these children and their families as parts of a whole. Discusses the implications of this perspective…