Discusses the nature of mentoring and how counselors can use mentoring research to benefit clients. A survey of 100 individuals with or without a mentoring relationship showed that mentoring is a behavioral phenomenon not dependent on personality traits. (JAC)

Compared 10 novice and 12 veteran wheelchair athletes at the 1982 Dixie Wheelchair Games on measures of self-concept and acceptance of disability. Significant differences between the two groups were found, with novice disabled athletes having lower acceptance of disability, lower perceived social adequacy, and lower consistency of self-perception.…

Examined volunteering bias in racial, gender, and age groups in an adult development study. Results showed the middle-aged group volunteered at a higher rate, but this effect was restricted to Whites. Women volunteered more readily than men, except the elderly. Whites volunteered more readily than Blacks. (JAC)

Examined the relationship between outcomes of behaviorally oriented treatment for children (N=366) and eye color. Findings were consistent with theoretical expectations: Dark-eyed children and teenagers responded better to reactive treatment programs than their light-eyed counterparts, while the reverse was true for self-paced treatment programs.…

Identified 16 significantly different marital communication practices which distinguished 23 happily married individuals from those undergoing counseling (N=23). Results revealed that happy individuals had significantly more congruency between their self-perceptions and their spouse's perceptions of their communication practices and more congruent…

Examined relief and distress as responses to the termination of marriage in a study of 205 individuals soon after their final separation. Results showed that relief is a frequent response to marital separation. Group differences in response were associated with the rewards and costs of ending a marriage. (JAC)

Compared suicidal behaviors among two populations in the same geographical area: clients at a psychology clinic versus individuals from the general population. In both samples, 10 percent of the individuals reported prior parasuicidal behavior; the two populations were also quite similar on reports of prior suicidal ideation. (JAC)

A growing body of research has exploded the notion that a single, highly proselyted method of teaching is good for shorthand. Discussed are (1) the major goal of shorthand/transcription, (2) an instructional design for achieving this goal, and (3) the decisions and options that emerge in the dual-system classroom. (HD)

The fundamental principle of Education for All (EFA) is that all children should have the opportunity to learn. The fundamental principle of Inclusive Education (IE) is that all children should have the opportunity to learn?together. Diversity is a characteristic that all children and youth have in common?both within each individual child and…

In preparation for a conference on learning and individual differences, the invited authors prepared chapters, which were distributed in draft form. Presentations were followed by discussions, which were recorded, and then edited for this volume, so that the discussion transcript follows each paper. The chapters in part 1, General Background and…

This Analysis yielded three relatively independent and psychologically meaningful factors: Introversion, Social Maladjustment, and Emotional Maladjustment. These factors have a substantial general correspondence to certain Psychological Screening Inventory scales, although it was not possible to define a five-factor solution that corresponded…

Failure is built into our grading system as the necessary opposite of success with the additional justification that students need to understand individual differences. A better approach would be to help children build on positive strengths in anticipation of the tests of real life. Career education may provide alternative approaches for teachers.…

A general developmental model for interindividual differences, intraindividual differences, and intraindividual changes is described in terms of individuals, variables, and occasions. (ST)

Personality differences betweeen adolescent males who engage in illegal behaviors with accomplices and those who engage in illegal behaviors alone are examined. Contrary to the findings of earlier researchers, in the present study, no personality differences between the two groups were found. (Author)

Describes the nongraded open-concept school implemented at Dick Dowling Elementary School (Port Arthur, Texas). (MM)