Examines what prospective elementary and secondary mathematics teachers understand about mathematics when they enter formal teacher education. Results reveal that the mathematics understanding of elementary and secondary teacher candidates tends to be rule-bound and inadequate. (BB)

Assessed are the extent to which the beliefs, "multiplication always makes bigger" and "division always makes smaller," are explicitly held by preservice elementary teachers. Insight into the sources of preservice teachers' beliefs and into the relationship among preservice teachers' beliefs, computational skills, and performance on word problems…

Analyzes smallness of national scale, types and degrees of isolation, and degrees of dependence as factors influencing the establishment of education in small states. Notes that the context created by these three circumstances makes dependency inevitable. Examines regionalism as a possible solution to the educational problems of small nations. (KO)

Why established institutional forms of schooling have been so stable and why most challenges do not succeed is studied through case studies of reform that include the Dalton Plan; the Eight-Year Study, a secondary school reform plan; and the new model flexible high school of the 1960s. (SLD)

P-adic or g-adic sets are sets of elements formed by linear combinations of powers of p, a prime number, or g, a counting number, where the coefficients are whole numbers less than p or g. Discusses exercises illustrating basic numerical operations for p-adic and g-adic sets. Provides BASIC computer programs to verify the solutions. (MDH)

Outlines special features of the national question faced by the Hapsburg monarchy that show similarities and differences in Central Europe today. Argues that the Austro-Hungarian Empire displayed surprising flexibility in dealing with internal ethnic conflicts. Compares the situation in Yugoslavia after World War II with that of the same area…

Describes a teaching experience in which a unit on environmental issues was added to a college-level human geography course. Asserts that environmental topics are not well-integrated into most geography courses. Concludes that the students enjoyed the experience but suggested that the environmental topics be integrated throughout the entire course…

Preschool children (n=115) in Poland were tested in five areas: counting, equipotency of sets, dividing, adding, and comparing. Results showed that these children already had informal knowledge of many of the concepts and skills included in the mathematics curriculum in the early grades. (PDD)

Explores the unique features of Canadian history and society that influence the conception of Canadian citizenship. These include the historical development of Canada as a frontier crown territory, the search for an elusive national identity, the decentralized political structure, and the proximity to the United States. (MJP)

Age-level differences in work values as measured by the Values Scale using national norms were studied for 323 Hispanic or African American students in 9th grade, 12th grade, or college. These students differed according to grade level in their values as they related to work. (SLD)

Investigated student teachers' and preservice counselors' attitudes toward sex roles, examining whether variables like gender, years at the university (or grade level), and area of study within the department of education would affect their attitudes. Surveys indicated that students differed in attitudes toward sex roles by gender and area of…

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine how the reading skills of children at-risk are affected by tutoring by preservice reading endorsement students, (b) to identify differences by setting, gender and grade level, and to (c) identify effective strategies and influences on student success in a four-month tutoring program. Data were collected…

This study examined the opinions of more than 300 primary teachers. The first purpose of the study was to investigate the reported frequency with which teachers used various beginning reading materials (e.g., literature, basals, workbooks, predictable text, leveled text, decodable text, and vocabulary-controlled text). The second purpose of the…

This study sought to determine whether differences in future outlook among students in a predominantly minority, rural North Carolina High School were impacted by 5 variables: quality of counseling, race, gender, grade level, and academic performance. We found that quality of counseling and self-reported grades were positively associated with…

Teachers can promote long-lasting learning, build higher-order thinking skills, develop individual student accountability, and increase student achievement by incorporating performance learning tasks into the curriculum. In this second edition of "Performance-Based Learning," Sally Berman demonstrates how this model can be modified for learners at…