The use of a university exam to test the effects of ESP produced essentially overlapping distributions of performances by the experimental and control groups. (Author/KM)

A Bayesian analysis for 2 to the k power factorial arrangements of treatments is presented in this paper. To perform the analysis, an experimenter must specify prior distributions on an orthogonal set of linear functions representing the main effects and interactions and on a function representing the grand mean. The solution is relatively…

The standard statistical analysis of data classified in two ways (say into rows and columns) is through an analysis of variance that splits the total variation of the data into the main effect of rows, the main effect of columns, and the interaction between rows and columns. This paper presents an alternative Bayesian analysis of the same…

Although the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) contains no subprogram that is complete in itself for analyzing repeated measures or mixed designs analysis of variance, subprogram ANOVA can be used to obtain almost all the required sums of squares for repeated measures designs, mixed designs having repeated measures on some…

A TV AND A CONVENTIONAL (C1) COMPANY OF 156 ARMY TRAINEES WERE FORMED BY MATCHING THEIR APTITUDE SCORES ON THE ARMED FORCES QUALIFICATION TEST. A REVIEW-PREVIEW INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE WAS USED FOR BOTH COMPANIES, AND FOR OTHER CONVENTIONAL COMPANIES (C2-C8) SELECTED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION SUCH AS AWARENESS OF MEASUREMENT. IN 25 COMPARISONS OF…

The robustness of the statistic for complex contrasts in analysis of variance is compared to the statistic developed by Welch. The Welch statistic is recommended as the benchmark test for complex contrasts. (Author/JKS)

Presents the strategic advantages of focused over omnibus tests of statistical significance in counseling research, and demonstrates the utility of interpreting the magnitude of the effect as a way of assessing practical significance (i.e., in addition to computing "p" levels). Gives simple procedures for computing effect size using the…

Subroutines to calculate exact chi square and Fisher's exact probability tests are presented for 3 by 2 cross-classification tables. A nondirectional probability value for each test is computed recursively. (Author/GDC)

This paper proposes a new typology for understanding common research errors that expands on the four types of error commonly discussed in the research literature. Examples are presented to illustrate Type I and Type II errors, errors related to the interpretation of statistically significant and nonsignificant results respectively, with attention…

A program for calculating Kendall's tau-a, tau-b, partial tau, coefficient of concordance, coefficient of consistence, and coefficient of agreement is presented. In addition, the program provides tests of significance for each of the coefficients except partial tau. (DG)