The interaction of Harvard University scholars with outside institutions is examined, as is the need for the university to monitor and regulate these outside activities. Harvard scholars were found to maintain 38 directorships with Fortune 500 companies, 60 ties to the biotechnology industry, over 500 contacts between faculty at the Business…

The increasingly complex environment in which colleges and universities now operate has spawned a set of requirements for accountability with which institutions and therefore faculty must comply. Although academic freedom and tenure provide important protections for faculty, they are not unlimited. At the same time, institutions face a myriad of…

Identification of the dimensions of effective supervisory practice is the focus of this literature review of the past 15 years. The two main objectives are to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and skills for effective educational supervision and to verify the importance of the knowledge, attitudes, and skills from a sample of practitioners. The…

This study investigated the influences shaping the curriculum decision-making process of four English teachers in two middle schools in order to identify sources of professional autonomy and obligation in classroom curriculum. These teachers made decisions daily by selecting content, texts and materials, modes of presentation, learning activities,…

Academic freedom, at institutions of higher education, is discussed in terms of questions raised about the ability of an institution to dismiss an instructor. In the first case, "Martin v. Parrish," the instructor was dismissed for using profanity in the class. The second case, "Carley v. Arizona Board of Regents," centered on the importance of…

Perceptions of college institutional research directors concerning the quality of executive decision making at their institutions were studied. Perceptions were assessed using a theoretical model of Groupthink developed by Janis, who postulates that a high amount of environmental stress should lead to a greater degree of…

In successful programs for marginal youth, teachers extend their role and create bonds with their students. In the extended role, teachers interact with students in a more personal way, provide learning experiences that promote competence and success, and establish and maintain high but realistic expectations. This role requires the development of…

Reviews the 1974 statement on academic freedom of the National Council for the Social Studies and offers a rationale for maintaining academic freedom. Reviews recent censorship threats, the "climate of restriction" which pervades textbooks and teaching, and teachers' reasons for self-censorship. (JDH)

Teachers have come to be viewed as agents of change in the educational reform movement of the late 1980s. The term "teacher's voice" is introduced to describe both the right to have a say in policy and the content of what is taught. The conceptual roots of the term are discussed. (JL)

Some of the themes and issues raised at the 50th Anniversary Conference of the Library Association of Australia are summarized in two articles. Highlights include historical development of the association, achievements in professional standards and recognition, and the need for policies to guide future development. (CLB)

A definition of profession incorporates two fundamental characteristics: (1) It is a self-regulating and self-disciplined voluntary association; and (2) it is based on a scientific framework. Discussions of the teaching profession are not addressing the matter of legal authority implicit in the concept of professionalization. (MT)

Presents the results of two surveys, undertaken in 1984 and 1985, which were designed to assess the status of social studies in the United States. Results show a great diversity of practices along with varying degrees of state power and influence over the local curriculum. (JDH)

In order to realize the progressive potential of team teaching, shared responsibility for teacher work is necessary. This paper reviews teacher orientation to work in open plan settings through the interrelated concepts of privacy, autonomy, and individualized practice. The implications for preservice and inservice preparation of teachers are…

It is suggested that although teaching as a profession does not presuppose an attitude of professionalism as some other professions do, teachers have opportunities to act professionally. These opportunities are expanded by teacher exposure to curriculum analysis, organizational principles, and local faculty development opportunities. (MSE)

Issues and responsibilities related to academic freedom in secondary schools are addressed, indicating that the issues are as diverse as the institutions and individuals involved. Legislation limiting academic freedom, parental control, comparisons between academic freedom in secondary and higher education, as well as specific cases are among the…