News professionalism is an efficient and effective means of controlling the working behavior of journalists. The norms of news professionalism determine legitimate arenas and news sources, and although journalists do not set out to report news so that the existing political and economic system is maintained, their norms end up producing stories…

The document's major portion addresses aspects of rural social work practice from importance of the worker's first actions to knowing when and how to leave successfully. Beginning with "What is your Rural IQ?" and some definitions of rurality, all subsequent sections conclude with "Some Exercises and Mental Challenges" and a…

Discusses arguments for and against professionalization of teaching. Refers to the social contract of trust which must exist between professionals and those with whom they work. Examines dangers to educational reform in instituting standards that would be required of a professional staff of educators. (PS)

The norm of relevance is central to teachers' professional identities, and therefore, decisions about the form of inservice education for teachers (INSET) are crucial for professional autonomy. Relevance is affected by notions of practicality, age, gender, seniority, and area of specialization. Teachers' views of relevent INSET are examined and…

Argues that teachers in America's school systems are not beneficiaries of "enhanced professionalism" but victims of processes which, in the name of reform, take away teachers' professional rights to make decisions about teaching. Describes the activities of groups of teacher-activists who are working to maintain the autonomy of teachers.…

Two experiments in training teachers of modern languages, carried out in Greece from 1982 to 1985, are analyzed. The approach, aimed at establishing a theory-practice link, was intended to maximize teacher autonomy. The second experiment, based on the first, involved producing a new curriculum and materials and new evaluation methods. (Author/MT)

Relates experiences and impressions gained from visiting rural primary schools in Victoria, Australia, as a science consultant. Concludes that the schools are functional, well cared for, and a pleasant, active center of rural communities. (BRR)

Threats to the freedom to teach and to learn are examined; what can be done to counter these threats is discussed. The threats or problems are of two kinds: (1) internal, i.e., self-censorship of professional educators; and (2) external pressure from individuals and groups outside the schools, e.g., book banning. (RM)

This paper offers a view of educational research in which individual practitioner-researchers are creating and testing their own living educational theories and living standards of practice and judgment in the course of exploring questions related to the improvement of their practice. The power behind what counts as knowledge in education has been…

This paper briefly introduces the reader to the notions of learner training and learner autonomy. It makes practical suggestions as to how training might be woven into the typical short summer language program, in the hope that it might improve the students' effectiveness during and after the course. It is argued that this can be done in three…

An emphasis on therapy research and empirically supported treatments (ESTs) is currently suggested as the answer to many therapists' and counselors' problems with behavioral healthcare. Those eager to protect psychologists' share of behavioral care in an era of managed care are utilizing ESTs and process research to demonstrate the effectiveness…

This paper considers and summarizes information about the current state of autonomy and job satisfaction within U.S. institutions of higher education. First, the forces that often obscure, or lessen, the traditionally autonomous faculty member's sense of job satisfaction are discussed. Then, potentially overwhelming technological changes that…

Addresses the issue of pedagogical professionality. Analyzes the process of professionalization and the concomitant theories that have arisen in various categories of educational work. Maintains there is not an adequate definition of pedagogical professionality. Suggests a content-oriented definition based on the hermeneutics of educational…

Examines effects on Soviet education of ideas and teaching methods of Shatalov, Amonashvili, and others. Their ideas, focusing on cooperative relationships among teachers, students, and parents that create a successful learning environment and diminish students' fear of failure, have challenged the authority of the Soviet Academy of Pedagogical…

The emergence of reflectivity in teacher education is discussed. Four forms of action (describing, informing, confronting, and reconstructing) are suggested to uncover the forces that inhibit and constrain teachers and teacher educators in their efforts to implement critical reflection in their curricula. (IAH)