It is particularly important that GCSE and A-level marking is valid and reliable as it affects the life chances of many young people in England. Current developments in marking technology are coinciding with potential changes in procedures to ensure valid and reliable marking. In this research the effectiveness of procedures to facilitate the…

This article describes and evaluates several peer evaluation tools used to assess student behavior in small groups. The two most common methods of peer assessment found in the literature are rating scales and single score methods. Three peer evaluation instruments, two using a rating scale and one using a single score method, are tested in several…

Service-Learning has become a popular pedagogical strategy; yet, little attention has been given to the construction of a syllabus that includes a service-learning component. The purpose of this paper is to help instructors identify essential components of high-quality service-learning, to learn ways to incorporate these components into…

In British Columbia, there are three principles of learning guide practice in the development of Integrated Resource Packages (IRPs), which contain the provincially prescribed learning outcomes for grades and subjects. These are: (1) Learning requires the active participation of the student; (2) Students learn in a variety of ways and at different…

This dissertation chronicles my search to engage high school English students in inquiry as part of a formal research process. The perspective of critical literacy theory is used to describe the four phases of the problem posing process in shaping student research and action. Grounded in Freire's approach and consistent with Dewey and others who…

At last, a guide that focuses on the real crux of teacher supervision: how learners are learning. Using the six-part Teaching Schema for Master Learners introduced in the ASCD best-seller "Improving Student Learning One Teacher at a Time", Jane E. Pollock and Sharon M. Ford show you how to help teachers make the right adjustments in the areas that…

This study investigates the responses to prior knowledge errors that Calculus I instructors make when assessing students. Prior knowledge is operationalized as any skill or understanding that a student needs to successfully navigate through a Calculus I course. A two part qualitative study consisting of student exams and instructor interviews was…

In this study, we present an approach to questionnaire design within educational research based on Guttman's mapping sentences and Many-Facet Rasch Measurement Theory. We designed a 54-item questionnaire using Guttman's mapping sentences to examine the grading practices of teachers. Each item in the questionnaire represented a unique student…

Comments and points representing "lore" rather than proven facts are presented in this outline to summarize some of the issues raised by critics and proponents of various methods of grading rather than presenting a summary of research. Pro and con arguments are those typically advanced by proponents or detractors and are not presented as facts.…

The Honors-Pass-Fail (H-P-F) grading system was introduced experimentally in the fall 1971 semester to replace the traditional A-B-C-F grading system in graduate courses in education at Herbert H. Lehman College. The purpose was to determine if H-P-F discriminated more sharply between exceptional and average student achievement than the…

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University implemented a pass-fail grading system two years ago. The procedure in use appears to be working smoothly and suffers little abuse. Aside from physical education, courses taught under this system primarily are taken by seniors. The number of courses elected for pass-fail grading is small: 3.3…

This paper summarizes the author's research on the pass/fail grading system at Washington State University. Specifically, the paper presents (1) a discussion of the use of the pass/fail grading option at WSU and enrollment trends under this option first available in summer 1968 as a 3-year experiment; (2) an analysis of the questionnaire…

It is the recommendation of the Committee on Academic Progress of Students to the Faculty Council at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro that each undergraduate student may elect to be evaluated on a "Pass/Not Pass" scale in 1 course each semester, with a maximum of 8 courses being allowed for the degree. One semester courses are exempt…

This review presents a sample of the literature on pass-fail grading that was written between 1968 and 1971. The review leads to the following conclusions: (1) Students do not take pass-fail courses in order to avoid evaluation, but once having taken them their performance in both those courses and in traditionally graded courses declines; (2)…