Protestant ministers (a 15% sample) serving urban congregations in Santa Clara County, California, were surveyed on work and leisure time, participation in leisure activities, and participation in formal and informal continuing education. Emphasis was on differences in life styles between pastors with large, and those with small congregations.…

A careful reading of Cronbach and Snow's "Aptitudes and Instructional Methods" reveals that an aptitude-treatment-interaction (ATI) approach is not just a research methodology but is, in fact, a theory oriented philosophy of proposed revision in curriculum and instructional methodology. It is our contention that as a theoretical argument…

The present study examined some effects of literacy achievement on the lives of 184 of the 215 adults who had successfully completed literacy training between 1962 and 1966 in the Flint, Michigan, Adult High School. Interviews and public records were used to gather data on student background, experiences during literary training, participants'…

Studying the lexical borrowing of the Japanese community living in Hawaii inspires several hypotheses in the field of sociolinguistics. The use of borrowed words is a linguistic device to create a new Japanese dialect--Hawaiian Japanese. The borrowed words reflect the process and degree of social and psychological adjustment to the new cultural…

Problems encountered in teaching English as a second language to Navaho children are primarily due to inadequate teacher education. The teacher needs a genuine understanding of what is going on, what he is doing, and why he is doing it; he must have as much knowledge as possible of the pupils with whom he works. Too often English as a second…

Technical improvements, which may be made in the reliability and validity of tests through confidence scores, are discussed. However, studies indicate that subjects do not handle their confidence uniformly. (MS)

Recommendations for an alternative plan, based on typological analysis techniques, for the evaluation of student characteristics related to media, presentation design, and academic performance are presented. Difficulties with present evaluation plans are discussed, and different methods of typological analysis are described. Included are…

This second annual evaluation of three federally funded integrated model vocational education programs in the elementary and secondary grades presents program descriptions, evaluations, and recommendations separately for each comprehensive program. Selected as representative of rural, rural-urban, and urban settings in Kansas for use in similar…

This master's thesis considers the linguistic situation of Malaysia and the need for language planning to establish one language as a common link across many diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. The development of the present-day multilingual situation in Malaysia is described. The country is characterized by language islands created by a lack of…

A study to develop a technique for measuring the curiosity of young children and to determine whether three treatments affected the subjects as hypothesized is presented. The Appalachia Educational Laboratory's Preschool Education Program sought to stimulate curiosity in its 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old subjects. One third of the children received only…

To determine the specific nature of the environmental "press" derived from paternal occupation on the social interaction of children in the classroom, 1,386 elementary children were administered the Barclay Classroom Climate Inventory. Results are presented according to the fathers' occupations. (MS)

The research reported here was designed to measure the abilities of school-age children to form and generalize "visual concepts" on the basis of their observation of prepared sets of art reproductions. The art reproduction sets displayed similarities based upon various visual attributes. Discrimination of the attributes common to any…

This study was designed to provide descriptive data on several samples of drug users and to compare these with non-drug users. The study focused on the characteristics of four groups: hippies, weekend hippies ("weekenders"), non-hippie drug users, and non-hippie non-users. Information was collected from study participants to provide…

American schools have been credited with building American democracy. This is a myth which has been largely responsible for the resistance of today's schools to needed change. Exposing this myth are records of several major urban school systems which show the high rate of school failure among the urban poor since before 1900. These statistics have…

After intensively studying for several years the thinking processes of members of a tribal group in Western Africa, the Kpelle, the authors examine the relation between culture and cognitive development. The following issues are discussed: (1) an analysis of the terms "culture" and "cognition"; (2) an ethnographic description of the Kpelle…