Provides an alternative to traditional instruction in multiplication and division to develop computational fluency in students. (Author/NB)

Discusses the importance of developing teachers' computational fluency so that they can effectively support their students' fluency work. Provides suggestions for helping teachers develop computational fluency with subtraction. (Author/NB)

Discusses classroom practices that promote the understanding of number concepts in the primary grades. (Author/NB)

Explains "Mathematical Mind Journeys," a lesson format that promotes computational fluency through variable practice that relies on mathematical memory rather than rote memorization. (Author/NB)

Presents math games with die designed to help students learn addition, subtraction, and multiplication while having fun. (KHR)

Results supported the proposition that children's early counting has important limitations and strengths. Subjects, numbering 20 each at three and four years of age, differentiated appropriately between how-many and compare-sets counting tasks while using basically undifferentiated strategies. This suggests that correct judgment processes…

The differences between measuring light intensity for the human eye and for plant photosynthesis are discussed. Conversion factors needed to convert various units of light are provided. Photosynthetic efficiency and the electricity costs for plants to undergo photosynthesis using interior lighting are described. (KR)

Discusses the theory of collaboration and measures of collaboration. Variables for collaborative measures are considered, principles are formulated that good collaborative measures should satisfy, examples and practical calculations are presented, and further problems for research are suggested. (nine references) (LRW)

Reports on the performance of a demented elderly patient who, although he had impaired functions in several cognitive domains, showed exceptional calculating abilities superior to those of young adults. Addresses the problem of various mathematical dissociations at different levels. (Contains 30 references.) (Author/ASK)

Rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty. Computational methods are presented for using rough sets to identify classes in datasets, finding dependencies in relations, and discovering rules which are hidden in databases. The methods are illustrated with a running example from a database of car test results.…

Develops and analyzes four algorithms for feature selection in the context of rough set methodology. Experimental results confirm the expected relationship between the time complexity of these algorithms and the classification accuracy of the resulting upper classifiers. When compared, results of upper classifiers perform better than lower…

Presents an experiment for teachers to determine whether rote or reason has greater influence upon the way students think about computation. Provides some observations and concerns, and discusses needed changes in thinking and practice for teaching mathematics. (ASK)

The minimum chi-square method for computing equating coefficients for tests with dichotomously scored items was extended to the case of F. Samejima's graded response model. When compared with the test response function method, the minimum chi-square method was less demanding computationally and yielded similar equating coefficients. (SLD)

Discusses the trend toward ubiquitous computing and the challenge to enhance the behavior of any application by informing it of the context of its use. Defines context related to the interaction between humans, applications, and the surrounding environment; and presents a conceptual framework and a toolkit for supporting the rapid prototyping of…

Derived simplified equations to compute the standard error of the frequency estimation method for equating score distributions that are continuized using a uniform or Gaussian kernel function. Results from two empirical studies indicate that these equations work reasonably well for moderate size samples. (SLD)