Subtypes of learning disabilities based on neuropsychological, developmental, and behavioral perspectives are reviewed. A multidimensional perspective integrating aspects of all three approaches is proposed which draws a distinction between production and mediational subtypes of learning disorders and stresses an ideographic approach to assessment…

The study examined the developmental lag hypothesis for learning disabilities by evaluating dichotic listening ability using both free recall and directed attention conditions in 24 learning disabled (LD) adults. Findings indicated LD adults showed similar deficits in lateralized selective auditory linguistic processing as children with LD. (DB)

The research investigated what characteristics distinguish high ability/learning disabled (LD) intermediate grade students from average ability LD and high ability students. High ability/LD students were more creative than average LD students but cause the most classroom disturbance and perceive themselves as less efficacious in academic tasks.…

In a repeated measures design, third grade students with learning disabilities (N=16) read under three treatment conditions: corrective feedback on every oral reading error, correction on meaning change errors only, and no feedback regardless of error. Corrective feedback on oral reading errors improved both word recognition accuracy and reading…

Students with learning disabilities can learn strategies to improve their organizational and time management skills. Antecedent strategies, which set the occasion for students to become more organized, include assignment logs/charts, work stations, color coding materials, timers, and guided notes. Consequence strategies include reinforcement,…

This study examined agreement among 59 regular education high school teachers, 188 normally achieving high school students, and 50 high school students with learning disabilities (LD) concerning social and school skills important for success in the mainstream. Results revealed that teachers differed significantly from LD students on 16 skills and…

Seven sixth-grade students with learning disabilities were taught the metacognitive strategy PLEASE for use in writing paragraphs. Results suggest that, compared to the traditional language arts curriculum, the PLEASE strategy was more effective in developing students' metacognitive abilities for prewriting planning, composition, and revision as…

The job accommodation needs of adults with specific learning disabilities are examined through an analysis of cases handled by the Job Accommodation Network. Case examples are included, which provide practical solutions to common situations involving these adults in the employment environment. Resources available for making accommodations are…

A recent "Kappan" article by Naomi Zigmond and associates concludes that results from three major, federally funded research projects showed that restructured, inclusive elementary schools produce unacceptable and undesirable outcomes for a significant proportion of learning-disabled students. However, the authors' program-effectiveness standards…

This editorial, introducing a special issue on social-emotional development of students with learning disabilities, reviews general trends in recent research and curriculum development. The editorial presents social-emotional development as the next major area (following cognitive, metacognitive, and behavioral studies) from which meaningful…

Results of two experiments involving 206 upper elementary school students supported the hypothesis that less-skilled readers suffer working memory deficits that contribute to comprehension problems independent of their problems in phonological coding. Results also suggest that constraints in an executive system may contribute to reading…

This study compared prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among 123 adolescents with learning disabilities (LD) and 138 nondisabled students. Only tobacco and marijuana use was proportionally higher for adolescents with learning disabilities. Scores on the Adolescent Drinking Index were reliable predictors of marijuana use for LD…

Self-monitoring procedures were effective in increasing the number of daily homework assignments completed by eight secondary level students with learning disabilities. A daily listing of all assignments given by regular classroom teachers was used. Goal setting and self-graphing of data appeared to increase self-monitoring effectiveness. (DB)

Trainees in a transition program for incarcerated adults (198 females, 492 males) on work release or prerelease status were found to be predominately field dependent. Training methods based on a field-dependent learning style were recommended to improve the transition to employment. (JOW)

This study compared 10 gifted and 10 average children in each elementary grade for higher level cognitive writing processes and lower level transcription processes. Results indicated that gifted and average children differed in the higher level cognitive processes but not in the lower level writing processes. Results have implications for…