This report examines variations in organizational patterns and perspectives toward field-centered research and evaluation. While recent trends show greater concern for research, present efforts are mostly university or organizationally based. Limited systematic attention has been given to research and evaluation efforts that share…

Two cartoon strips were the vehicle for surveying perceptions of power use in everyday situations. A stratified cross-sectional sample of 430 adults in Los Angeles were interviewed. Their task was to choose a behavior, illustrated by a cartoon panel, most likely to be employed by a policeman in one instance and a nurse in another to secure…

Guidance administrators in 70 school systems were surveyed concerning their perceived level of authority in 24 areas of the guidance program and their perceived needs satisfaction on a Maslow-type scale. School system size and the respondent's position in the administrative hierarchy were used as independent variables to test effects upon…

This paper compares the structure, operation and representative character of academic senates at the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Minnesota, the Pennsylvania State University, and Fresno State College. The first section discusses the organization of the senates at the 4 institutions including senate structures, committee…

This publication attempts to explain, through historical description, the organizational structure of labor unions in the U.S. and the influence of major unions over the initiation of decision making policies governing their membership. Begun in 1792, with the unification of a group of Philadelphia shoemakers, labor unions spread from local to…

The author begins with a description of the purpose of the Communist Party Congress and traces its development from an open forum of debate and discussion (prior to 1924) to its more conservative and restrictive position. He contends that with its current emphasis on conservatism, the Communist Party Congress has three communicative roles: (1) it…

The general objective of this dissertation was to study, observe, and analyze the phenomena of social power in 5 Iowa communities. The specific objectives were to define a social system model, a social power model, and the methodology used for the delineation of persons perceived to be power actors; to determine the extent to which the power…

This paper dealt with the importance of using both behavior modification and consultation principles in work done with teachers. A case study was presented in which a teacher effectively implemented a behavior modification program to control the disruptive behavior of one child. However, this did not generalize to the total classroom which was…

The basic contention of this paper is that certification of educational evaluation personnel offers definite advantages to school districts and that these advantages tend to outweigh the disadvantages. The state board of education should be the final authority for certification, but multi-institutional involvement in designing and operating…

This report advocates increased participation of parents and students in the decisionmaking process. The author argues that of all the school constituents -- parents, students, teachers, administrators, and various citizen organizations and special interest groups -- parents and students have the least influence. Thus, the political balance of…

This paper presents a model of how organizations adapt to the uncertainty in their environment by making changes in the way they structure themselves for decisionmaking. The research reported here indicates that it is not just a single change in organizational structure, but rather a shifting between a more rigid and more flexible decision…

The two conference papers in this publication examine the historical origins of the subordination of women to men. In the first paper, "Unraveling the Problem of Origins: An Anthropological Search for Feminist Theory," Rayna Reiter reviews what is known and what is not known at the present time and provides a feminist critique of the gaps in our…

Two apparently widely held beliefs among college administrators may be harmful to higher education. The first is that faculty collective bargaining is somehow unprofessional and automatically harmful to educational purposes. The second is that bargaining erodes the authority of administrators and trustees, thereby preventing them from…

Written for the Indian Tribal Curriculum and Training Program of the Institute for the Development of Indian Law, the article explains how Congressional delegation of authority to administrative officials has interfered with Indian sovereignty. (Author/NQ)

Large numbers of adolescent students feel alienated because they are not allowed to participate in decision-making processes. Unless these students become involved, the gap will continue to widen between those who have assumed leadership through authority (administrators, teachers, and counselors) and those most affected by lack of involvement.…