This paper details a Bayesian alternative to the use of least squares and equal weighting coefficients in regression. An equal weight prior distribution for the linear regression parameters is described with regard to the conditional normal regression model, and resulting posterior distributions for these parameters are detailed. (Author/CTM)

Guttman's assumption underlying his definition of "total images" is rejected. Partial images are not generally convergent everywhere. Even divergence everywhere is shown to be possible. The convergence type always found on partial images is convergence in quadratic mean; hence, total images are redefined as quadratic mean-limits.…

An extension of Wollenberg's redundancy analysis (an alternative to canonical correlation) is proposed to derive Y-variates corresponding to the optimal X-variates. These variates are maximally correlated with the given X-variates, and depending upon the standardization chosen they also have certain properties of orthogonality. (Author/JKS)

Assuming a multiple linear regression model with q independent variables, a procedure is developed for determining the minimum statistically significant increase in the multiple correlation coefficient when an additional independent variable is considered for regression. The procedure is presented analytically and in table form. Examples are…

The squared multiple correlation of a variable with the remaining variables in a variable set is shown to be a function of the communalities and the squared canonical correlations between the observed variables and common factors. (Author/JKS)

Semipartial correlation is one of several ways of determining the relative importance of independent variables in a multiple regression analysis. A veteran teacher of statistics and related topics explains his reasons for avoiding semipartial correlations. (SV)

In a conjoint-analysis consumer-preference study, researchers must determine whether the product factor estimates, which measure consumer preferences, should be calculated and interpreted for each respondent or collectively. Multiple regression models can determine whether to aggregate data by examining factor-respondent interaction effects. This…

Executive functions have been defined in the neuropsychological literature as those cognitive processes that underlie future-oriented, goal-directed behavior such as planning, working memory, inhibition, and self-monitoring. Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, formal operations, involves a systematic approach to problem solving that…

In this article the authors demonstrate two instances where the jackknife can be used to enhance hierarchical linear model (HLM) analyses. The jackknife was used to improve the HLM estimates of composite measures by jackknifing over items. The first study examined fixed-effects and variance component estimation. The jackknife appeared to reduce…

The integrity of phonological representation/processing in dyslexic children was explored with a gating task in which children listened to successively longer segments (gates) of a word. At each gate, the task was to decide what the entire word was. Responses were scored for overall accuracy as well as the children's sensitivity to coarticulation…

The underlying statistical models for multiple regression analysis are typically attributed to two types of modeling: fixed and random. The procedures for calculating power and sample size under the fixed regression models are well known. However, the literature on random regression models is limited and has been confined to the case of all…

The relation between general intelligence (psychometric "g") and temporal resolution capacity of the central nervous system was examined by assessing performance on eight different temporal tasks in a sample of 100 participants. Correlational and principal component analyses suggested a unitary timing mechanism, referred to as temporal "g".…

The greatest limitation in establishing causality in observational studies on the effect of financial aid is the presence of endogeneity or selection bias associated with aid status. To control for this statistical confoundedness that besets the research corpus to date, this study estimates the effect of financial aid on freshmen retention at a…

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and predictive utility of 3 measures for screening kindergarten students for risk for math difficulty (MD). The screening measures assessed number sense and computational fluency, constructs central to typical early mathematical development. Conceptual and operational outcomes…

This study investigated beliefs about HIV/AIDS to find out whether this variable could constitute an obstacle to change in attitudes to sex among undergraduate youths in South West Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted. A total of 1,420 undergraduate students in four different universities from four states were sampled. A…