Background: The Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) has funded training of rehabilitation counselors for nearly 70 years. Despite this history, there has never been an evaluation of the long-term success of this program. Objective: Current rehabilitation personnel were surveyed as to their intention to leave their current jobs within the next 12 months, reasons for leaving/staying, and strategies influencing retention as a function of work setting and job title. Methods: Data on four dependent variables were collected using online surveys of former RSA scholars (n = 536) and non-RSA scholars (n = 464). Findings: The majority (95%) of former RSA scholars work full-time, with most (87%) employed in the public vocational rehabilitation program or other nonprofit community-based programs as rehabilitation counselors (60%) or counselor supervisors (22%). Most personnel (70%) anticipate working for their current organization within the next year. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance found that there was no interaction effect as a function of work setting and job title with respect to reasons for leaving or remaining in their present jobs, strategies designed to promote retention, and intent to quit within the next 12 months. Conclusions: This study offers support for long-term effectiveness of the RSA training program. The reasons for why rehabilitation personnel stay or leave and what can be done to retain them are generally consistent regardless of work setting, job title, and intentionality to quit.