The research project presented in this article was set in the Swedish school context and carried out on a set of compulsory national tests for English, Swedish, and mathematics used at the end of compulsory school. The aims were: (a) to gain a deeper knowledge of the internal structure of the tests and (b) to separate individual performance from…

The validity of the Self Concept as a Learner Revised (SCALR) inventory was studied. The construct issue of academic self-concept was explored by comparing the SCALR to the academic portion of the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (MSCS). The SCALR contains 44 items (four scales of 11 items each). The SCALR version for grades 7 through 12 was…

A model of graph comprehension is proposed including perceptual and memory processes. Multidimensional scaling (MDS), cluster analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine how college students with different mathematical experience read different types of bar graphs. Data were collected at the University of Oklahoma (Norman)…

The mention of a job title can trigger descriptive and evaluative associations, suggesting that people possess shared job knowledge. This study focused on the concept of implicit job theory and explored the nature of implicit theories to understand the types of information people rely on when they think about jobs and the biases that might exist.…

This study attempts to integrate and extend previous research by multivariate investigation to determine multidimensional relationships among both the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) subscales and the demographic variables for the 1981 WAIS-R standardization sample. Canonical correlation with orthogonal rotation of composite…

Formula score theory (FST) associates each multiple choice test with a linear operator and expresses all of the real functions of item response theory as linear combinations of the operator's eigenfunctions. Hard measurement problems can then often be reformulated as easier, standard mathematical problems. For example, the problem of estimating…

First-year higher education students' approaches to learning navigation were assessed. The research used a structured questionnaire to assess deep, surface, and strategic approaches to learning. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) of 13 sub-scales revealed that students learning navigation employed two main approaches, a deep-strategic approach…

Research in the Teaching of English (RTE) is the flagship research journal of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) in the United States. It is a broad-based, multidisciplinary journal composed of original research articles and short scholarly essays on a wide range of topics significant to those concerned with the teaching and…

The encoding and processing components of moral judgment-making responses were investigated by using a "thinking aloud" response mode to Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral judgment. Three subject groups were asked to "think aloud" as they took the DIT: (1) 30 male and female graduate students from a philosophy…

The purpose of this monograph is to show that sufficient achievements in scaling applications have been made to justify serious study of scaling methodologies, particularly multidimensional scaling (MDS) as a tool for geographers. To be useful research, it was felt that the common methodological and technical problems that specialized researchers…

INSCAL multidimensional scaling, an objective methodology for formulating effective technical information sequences for computer-assisted instruction, was shown to be of value with respect to defining the information complexity of technical material, developing sequences of key concepts within technical material, and providing an index of expert…

Systematically assessed replicability and generalizability of a multidimensional alcoholism typological system in 399 inpatient, outpatient, and non-treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Two different procedures supported the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of the Type A-Type B distinction in cocaine abusers. Multidimensional…

An interest questionnaire with 72 university course descriptions based on a facet design was used to determine whether computer anxiety or computer disinterest was related to interest in or willingness to take selected courses of 200 Belgian and German students. Analysis of variance supports conclusions from the multidimensional scalings. (SLD)

Geometric approaches to representing interrelations among tests and items are compared with an additive tree model (ATM), using 2,644 examinees and 2 other data sets. The ATM's close fit to the data and its coherence of presentation indicate that it is the best means of representing tests and items. (TJH)

The ability of 3-way INDSCAL and ALSCAL models to recover true structure in proximity data based on 2-dimensional configurations varying in number of subjects (15 and 20) and stimuli, amount of error, and monotonic transformation is examined. INDSCAL outperformed metric and nonmetric ALSCAL in all conditions. (SLD)