A school board member responds to an article by Albert Shanker that appeared in the previous issue. (IRT)

This article is from a USOE Report: "Seminar on the Role of the Arts in Meeting the Social and Educational Needs of the Disadvantaged, BR-7-0254, OEG-1-070254-2319.

Four change models are viewed as representing the range of strategies currently employed by schools in improving education. Intended as a source of assistance to those who wish to undertake a more thorough examination of these models, this article, in outline form, summarizes the distinguishing characteristics of each model along with the…

The results of a study of five midwestern school districts suggest that the abandonment of program innovations or revisions may be related to a lack of understanding of how schools work as social systems and how political processes influence change efforts, as well as a failure to appreciate the many dilemmas facing those who attempt to facilitate…

Educational research is not having the impact on teaching practice that it could and should be having. In the past fifteen years, a four-tier pattern has emerged, with each tier more complex and revealing than the one before. Earlier researchers focused on description and differentiation in their studies, building a body of knowledge that could be…

This paper examines education in China from 1949 to 1979. Education plays a key role in Chinese society. The main goal of Chinese educational policy is to produce workers with both socialist consciousness and culture. The Chinese conception of education is very broad and includes the regular school system, work-study education, and informal mass…

This report summarizes the 796 vocational education program improvement projects conducted during FY 1980 under the Education Amendments of 1976 (P. L. 94-485) with respect to location, funding levels, funding recipients, educational levels, problem areas, and outcomes. Projects reported include research, innovative and exemplary programs, and…

An historical review of cultural pluralism in the United States provides the framework for this consideration of the affirmative action program in the Dallas Independent School District (Texas). The program was designed to eliminate institutional racism through initiating structural changes in curriculum and program improvement, management,…

School buildings designed in Norway during the early 1970s were frequently of the open plan type. This document briefly describes problems faced in the designing of open plan buildings and planning and implementation of educational activities appropriate to the new facilities. In anticipation of future elementary school construction, the document…

A brief description of the development, implementation, and evaluation of the Outdoor Primary Education project in Bangladesh is presented in this booklet. A description of the development of the current primary education system in Bangladesh along with a description of the reasons that led to the development of the project are briefly provided in…

Described are the principles and processes of Instructional Systems Development (ISD). The ISD procedures have been used by the military and industry for a number of years, and this report provides a framework designed for a quick understanding of ISD without the need to locate and research voluminous government publications and other references.…

To increase the possibility for successful programs and to determine the validity of the concept of bilingual education for limited English-speaking children, this discussion centers on issues which militate against full-scale implementation of bilingual education programs in some school districts. The narrative defines innovation as an "entity…

The key to successful development and adoption of new educational programs and practices is careful orchestration of several variables: administrative support, faculty involvement, administration and faculty commitment, and staff development activities. A chronological process involving programatic and political aspects for planned change is…