Self-efficacy is a subject of ongoing intense research in cognitive psychology. Studies within this tradition are focused on how this agentic aspect of human functioning fits within and contributes to a network of other sociocognitive functionalities. From a mathematics education perspective, we seek a theoretical re-framing of self-efficacy that…

Preverbal infants spontaneously represent the number of objects in collections. Is this 'sense of number' (also referred to as Approximate Number System, ANS) part of the cognitive foundations of mathematical skills? Multiple studies reported a correlation between the ANS and mathematical achievement in children. However, some have suggested that…

The purpose of this research was to investigate students' mathematical understandings of fraction division with an ethnomathematics/STEM framework. A small group teaching study (Cobb et al., 2003) was conducted using design research methodology to examine how students interacted with the curriculum. The researcher served as interventionist and…

Math achievement is one of the strongest predictors of academic success and career attainment. While research has focused on cognitive factors that relate to math achievement, a growing body of literature suggests that affective factors like math anxiety also relate to math achievement. The field of math anxiety has expanded to recognize that not…

Although the impacts of math anxiety, attitude toward math, and math self-efficacy on math achievement have been well-defined in the relevant literature, the interrelations among these predictors to explain math achievement are understudied. This study examined the structural relationships among math achievement, math anxiety, math self-efficacy,…

Math-anxious people consistently underperform in math. The most widely accepted explanation for "why" this underperformance occurs is that math-anxious people experience heightened anxiety when faced with math, and this in-the-moment anxiety interferes with performance. Surprisingly, this explanation has not been tested directly. Here,…

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted schools to transition to remote instruction during the latter half of the 2019-20 school year and continuing into the 2020-21 school year. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data trends indicate that there were statistically significant declines in students' mathematics and reading scores between 2020…

Reading and math proficiency are assumed to be crucial for the development of other academic skills. Further, different studies found reading and math development to be related. We contribute to the literature by looking at the relationship between reading and math using continuous time models. In contrast to previous studies, this allows us to…

Unaddressed social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) needs and academic challenges may lead to negative youth outcomes. Universal behavioral risk screeners, like the student self-report Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS-SRS), identify at-risk students. To improve screening tool use, research is needed to identify the…

While reviewing the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data, Singapore is a leader in math and science (Mullis et al., 2016). Let's learn from the best. Education is an aspiration not a destination (Ng, 2020) which demands an internal motivation of lifelong learning and change in education with a goal to improve…

Previous research has shown the importance of affect when seeking knowledge about students' achievements. However, there are surprisingly few studies looking at students' expressed effort on a longertime scale. Using data spanning over almost three decades, in this paper, we analyze Swedish lower secondary school students' responses to items in…

Educational inequality and mathematics achievement have been long-term concerns in England. However, most studies of inequalities focus on achievement across multiple-subjects, and studies of mathematics achievement gaps tend to look at a single test in a single year. This study provides an overview of mathematics achievement gaps in the last 13…

Studies have explored the correlation between students' math interest and their academic performance in grades 4 to 6, emphasizing the role of self-control and resilience as mediators in this relationship. Drawing on interest development and self-regulation theories, we hypothesized that interest directly predicts achievement and indirectly…

This study explored the connection between mathematics anxiety and spatial reasoning, examining potential mediating and moderating effects of spatial anxiety, as well as the roles of grade level and gender. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 477 elementary school students in Jakarta, selected through convenience sampling. Participants…

Homework is a widely used educational practice, but the ways in which students approach it vary considerably and influence its effectiveness. Understanding these behavioral differences is crucial to designing effective and appropriate homework practices. The purpose of this study was to examine students' homework behavior and determine its…