Demographic data suggest that alcohol abuse among the elderly will increase in proportion to the population growth of that group. Four factors which may cause the elderly to be a highly susceptible group for alcohol problems are: (1) retirement and its boredom, role changes, and financial problems; (2) increased concern with death and losses of…

The literature concerning tutoring in the elementary schools was surveyed and evaluated to determine the relative effectiveness of two types of programs--peer and cross-age tutoring. Studies involving each type of program were analyzed separately and effectiveness was judged by the gains in reading achievement experienced by both tutors and…

Intended for educational practitioners interested in basic skills instruction, the papers in the first section of this volume detail the progress that has been made in classroom research during the past decade and discusses three characteristics of effective teaching--teacher expectations, active teaching, and classroom management. The second…

Concerns of the academic and business communities regarding science and technology in the United States are addressed. The Harris Poll found that there are signs that American people are viewing science as a more positive force than ever before. A majority is convinced that even if it brings no immediate benefits, scientific research, which…

Strategic and operational issues throughout the world formed the focus of the International Conference on Family Planning. The objectives of the conference were to review the accomplishments of family planning over the past decade, assess the challenges and opportunities for the 1980's, and identify means to strengthen commitment to family…

This exploratory study of children's use of electronic text systems drew upon site visits, interviews, and data compilations for an overview and synthesis of issues. Systems studied included Green Thumb (videotext, Kentucky); Channel 2000 (videotext, Ohio); KCET (teletext, California); WETA (teletext, Washington, D.C.); QUBE (interactive cable,…

Recorded in this document are hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology (U.S. House of Representatives). The central issues addressed in the hearings were whether the need for long-term steadiness in technology investment is holding its own against short-term budget expendiencies, and in particular, whether the budget stress is…

The use of hand-held electronic devices and microcomputers in places of public access and in the home are discussed. First, the different activities supported by this technology are described, with emphasis on the commonality of game playing to both hand-held devices and microcomputers. The need for research to investigate the motivational…

The 16 papers in this collection discuss options and areas for future research on teams, including performance requirements, structure, communications, training techniques, and organizational determination of team performance, from the perspectives of varied disciplines; e.g., psychology, computer science, management science, and decision theory.…

The literature on children's acquisition of sex-typed knowledge, preference, and behavior is reviewed, and a matrix of sex-typing constructs and sex-typed content areas is offered. Two major themes are discussed. The first theme concerns the importance of activities, interests, and peer associations in the early acquisition of sex-typing…

This first volume of three of the final report of the 1981 White House Conference on Aging contains the response to the congressional charge to the Conference that the final report propose a national policy on aging not only for the minority who need aid but also for the majority of older adults who live in comfort and security. The report is…

A project was conducted in Georgia to design a needs assessment instrument and to administer it in order to determine the current state of vocational education in the state. Following the collection and review of data and personal interviews with Georgia secondary and postsecondary teachers and administrators, a needs assessment survey form was…

As yet there is no comprehensive, systematic, demonstrably effective program for maximizing empathetic communication behaviors. What is needed are theories, concepts, and methods that would provide for such learning. One avenue of approach is to search for models and metaphors that would allow for an encompassing comprehension of empathy and…

Although the listening construct has been defined more widely in order to deal with the issue of lecture retention, these wider definitions suffer from serious conceptual and methodological problems, such as the assumption that receiving behavior is the same regardless of differing situations and messages. However, the literature would indicate…

To further the knowledge of the resources of coastal ecosystems and the general lines along which they function, Unesco implemented a "Major Interregional Project on Research and Training Leading to the Integrated Management of Coastal Systems" (COMAR). In addition, a proposed regional cooperative program called the "Regional…