The high prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse by adolescents poses a significant threat to the wellness of youth. Adolescents appear to use drugs for a variety of reasons. In addition to the multiple etiologic and risk factors present for substance abuse, there are many pathways teenagers may follow on their way to substance abuse. The…

This thesis addresses the issue of cultural matching in the area of mentoring in youth and social services and examines, within the context of current and future racial relations, the potential messages that cultural matching may be communicating to youth. The beginning chapters historically trace juvenile delinquency and child-saving services and…

This document summarizes a study that found a decline in the economic well-being of black children and families over the period from 1960 to 1985. Census figures were analyzed by region and for 45 metropolitan areas. The following key findings are reported: (1) the increase in the number of female-headed households is only one of several factors…

Testing guidelines based on teachers' experience and on a review of literature concerning approaches to the testing of oral second language skills, are presented in this paper. Considerations in developing the test included coordination with the syllabus, choice of format, grading, and administration. Suggestions are offered from the practices of…

This study reflects a synthesis of a number of interrelated activities that have been performed by the Army Family Research Plan family adaptation research group over 3 years. These activities have included literature reviews, model development, primary and secondary analysis of available datasets and expert/user consultations, as well as field…

This monograph reports the proceedings of the Multimedia Technology Seminar and consists of presented papers as well as summaries of demonstration and discussion sessions. Sessions covered the following topics: the role of learning theory in the development and application of multimedia technologies in special education; multimedia research in…

This paper attempts to trace a line of theory development in technical communication from Dwight Stevenson's 1977 call for "instrumental effectiveness" in theoretical inquiries, based upon careful inductive research methods, to later examples of more speculative and inadequately documented theories about what constitutes the field's…

A review of the literature on individualized instruction in writing centers and other places reveals several histories, theories, and rationales for such instruction. Suggested models of instruction emphasize the progress of the individul through conferences, individualized assignments, high levels of peer interaction, and grade negotiation. The…

Although television is highly dependent on language and semiotic analysis, its form can best be analyzed through the structural notion of transformation. The critic's task becomes the articulation of structural laws intrinsic to television. One such law has to do with how television structures time. Television programming transforms action into…

Drawn from a conference intended as a step toward reuniting the disciplines of behavioral sciences and law, the items in this compilation were prepared by practitioners and educators in the areas of law, communication, social psychology, and sociology. The items are arranged in five sections according to these topics: interviewing and counseling,…

During the past 40 years, the definition of literacy and the needs of adult literacy education have changed. Before World War II, adult literacy programs usually focused on teaching totally illiterate adults to read and write at the simplest levels. Later, functional literacy at about the fifth grade level was promoted through the programs. Now,…

The topical papers on entrepreneurial education presented at the Conference on Research and Education in Entrepreneurship at Baylor University in March 1980 were analyzed and policy options were developed. A review of the conference materials concentrated on identifying the key questions to be answered when establishing entrepreneurship policy and…

Pressures that have negatively affected the work environments of colleges are identified, and research concerning the work experience of faculty and administrators is reviewed. The effect of the extrinsic and intrinsic elements on faculty members' work is considered, including their power and autonomy, their relationships to the institution, and…

Microcomputers have presented instructional designers with an ideal tool with which to deliver individualized instruction. With a few exceptions, however, the results of cognitive styles research do not provide sufficient conclusions upon which to make design decisions. Critically missing in many studies is an explication of the conceptual binding…

This study sought to identify the most important, unanswered research questions in health education. Respondents consisted of 21 health educators selected by a panel of experts. The research methodology employed was a three round Delphi technique in which participants were asked to identify five significant research questions in health education…