Basic concepts of management by objectives are presented for the school principal interested in turning the idea of educational innovation into the fact of educational innovation. The difference between objectives (ideas) and outcomes (events, products, achievements) is discussed, and methods for developing, writing, and evaluating objectives are…

The Special Projects (Innovations) Program of the Australian Schools Commission receives less funding than other programs of the commission but has been received more enthusiastically, perhaps because it encourages and supports local initiatives. Given the small scale and local derivation of the projects funded under the program, evaluation…

THIS REPORT INCLUDES THE FIVE PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE. (1) B. LAMAR JOHNSON GAVE EXAMPLES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS (GAMING, WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS, ELECTRONIC AIDS, SENSORIA, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, AND AUDIO-TUTORIAL METHODS) AND OF WAYS TO ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY (STAFF VISITS, PROVISION OF SPECIAL FACILITIES, USE OF GRANTS AND BUDGETED FUNDS,…

Based upon a systems analysis approach, a four-stage evaluation model called CIPP (context, input, process, product) assesses innovative programs in education. The model is both a way of viewing planned educational change and a decision making tool for the administrator within the local education agency. Development of the model includes a method…

The problems of changing a school system require a systematic approach that coordinates various efforts within the system. A model, developed by Professor Goodson and his staff, deals with the design of a change-agent team and the work that such a team might perform. The model requires four functions to be performed: Diagnosing problems, planning…

The author presents a survey of public opinion against continued innovation in the field of education, drawn from editorials and reportage in "Newsweek,""The New York Times,""The Tampa Tribune-Times," and "U.S. News and World Report." Contrast is made to continued calls by educators in professional books and journals for continued innovation in…

The traditional university structure has come to be seen as an obstacle to necessary changes in education and research in Sweden. Reforms initiated by the Swedish Parliament have focused mainly on the overall control of university organization; less change appears in the direct production of education and research. A project underway at the…

The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), a representation of the process by which an educational institution adopts an innovation, views adoption as a developmental process involving complex interaction between an adopting institution, a user system, and a resource system. The resource system is usually a formal organization whose expert…

Elementary students recorded large gains in academic achievement in the two years their school was involved in an intensive instructional improvement project that employed team teaching, flexible scheduling, open classrooms, and individualized instruction. A study was done to determine if the achievement gains would continue through a third year…

This paper examines the process of intervention design as it relates to the grammar of artifactual action. In his discussion, the author identifies three separate elements of artifactual action. These elements include defining the situation of action and the change agent's relationship to the situation; generating typical expectations about…

The amount of change that has occurred in schools is unimpressive when compared to the financial and human resources devoted to the change effort in recent years. A small number of innovations have succeeded--either by surviving in a "near-original" form or by leaving a residue of desirable change. The causal factors present in apparently…

The PEACESAT Project (Pan Pacific Education and Communication Experiments by Satellite) has been in daily operation for four years since April 1971. Initiated as an individual research project of a university faculty member, it has expanded to involve educational institutions in 12 countries or jurisdictions in the Pacific Basin. These…

This report describes a study that examined the process of educational reform and sought to determine how and why internal changes occur in the evolution of an educational program. The author studied the progress of four educational reforms in the Brunswick-Freeport area of midcoast Maine, including the introduction of significant changes in the…

The present study was in part a case study involving the levels of use that existed among a sample of second- and fourth-grade teachers using or anticipating the use of individualized instruction in reading and mathematics instruction. The sample was assumed to include both users and nonusers of the innovation as half the schools were involved in…

This report summarizes the planning, preparation, and implementation efforts to operate a 45-15 pilot program in Virginia Beach, Virginia. This year-round schools project, undertaken in November 1971, required 18 months of planning. Electing to use a cycled-attendance plan, the program was established in selected schools to ascertain its…