If a toy is classed as "educational," some demonstrable educational outcome ought to result from playing with it. Formerly, games and toys designated as "educational" were often strategies for painlessly imparting school subjects to children. Today, "developmental skills" or "readiness experiences" are typical objectives of many of the toys on the…

Educational research is concerned with providing bases for improving education and so needs to study cause-effect relations in the educational process. Despite two decades of ferment and innovation, the instruction of most students has been affected little, if at all. Local change programs in education tend to be those that make the most apparent…

This volume of the International Year-book of Adult Education concentrates on interrelated aspects of university education, research, and adult education. Nine articles, accompanied by abstracts in German, English, and French, deal with adult education research in modern Yougoslavia (since 1950); adult education as a field of study within the…

Established in June 1966, the Hawaii Research Coordinating Unit (RCU) terminated under the original Federal grant August 31, 1969. Located in the community college system of The University of Hawaii, the RCU serves all levels of vocational and technical education throughout the state. Among the purposes identified as guidelines for the RCU were:…

The stated null hypothesis of this study is that "there will be no significant difference in criterion instrument scores which measure the numbers of types of questions (basic, leading, probing) which teachers ask their students among the following groups of inservice elementary teachers who purposefully self-evaluate their teaching by (1) self…

The 3-week workshop concentrated on techniques and procedures for research proposals and projects in vocational education, with special emphasis on research at the local level. Participants were involved both in the formal workshop sessions and in the design of actual research proposals. A summary of two panel discussions and manuscripts for the…

The demand unit approach to determining research space needs is proposed as a method for projection of space required for research in Wisconsin public higher education facilities. Discussion is directed to the two factors utilized in implementation of this approach, namely, (1) the varying level of activity devoted to research by participating…

A series of suggested modifications in the scientific reporting of counseling research is presented. The suggested modifications are in five areas: (1) characteristics of research designs in counseling research, (2) within group differences in outcome research, (3) research on the selection of counselors, (4) research on the assessment of…

Review of research literature has led to the conclusion that it is the teacher, more than the material, the method, or any other variable, that makes the greatest difference in children's reading achievement. Measuring teacher abilities and effectiveness is, however, a difficult if not impossible task unless teaching is defined in terms of teacher…

The Interagency Panel on Early Childhood Research and Development has prepared a statement of the research objectives for each major agency (Office of Child Development, National Institute of Health, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Office of Education), and listed the research objectives of the…

Probabilistic testing involves having the examinee assign probabilities to each of the options of a multiple-choice item. These probabilities reflect the student's perception of the correctness of each option. What is presented in the paper is a rationale for probability testing, the current theoretical and empirical findings, and some suggested…

A review of the literature, this report concerns itself with the identification of the Mexican American with his ethnic group as an asset or a liability. Examining the relationship of cultural marginality to education, personality, and attitudes, the author points out a need for additional research in this area (i.e., longitudinal studies…

More than 50 presentations at this conference emphasized the role of labor statistics in public and private decision-making. The first two sessions were directed to research needs in evaluating new labor relations legislation covering public employment. A session on the role of statistics in urban problems centered around family budget…

The author discusses the methodological problems facing researchers interested in studying black communication, some of which are the same problems encountered by students of intercultural communication. While the study of black communication must deal with the usual problems of obtaining primary resources, establishing the appropriate…

This report is the result of a conference sponsored by the Speech Association of America in August 1968. Focusing attention on the speech communication aspects of current social problems, the report includes nine position papers in the following areas: communication breakdown and its effect on tension, unrest, and alienation; types and examples of…