This is the second of a series of three volumes containing papers from a bilingual symposium held in 1975. Presentations and discussion at the symposium dealt primarily with suggestions for research which linguists should undertake to assist bilingual programs. This volume contains the following papers: "A Survey of Research in Syntax," by Arnold…

Presented are seven child research and development papers delivered at the 1973 American Psychological Association Symposium in Montreal. Described are the beneficial results produced by relevant goal oriented researchers who become directly involved with societal problems. Advocated is the need for psychology to become more historical, empirical,…

Examined are several tests designed to measure language development in retarded children and possible options for research. Past attempts (such as Berko's Test of Morphology) to evaluate retarded children's linguistic development are criticized for inadequate language definitions and invalid testing methods. Suggestions for data-gathering options…

The author discusses a need for planning research in reading, since present research seems fragmented, the federal government has not functioned especially well in the area of planning for funding or coordination with professional organizations, and there is a need to attract scientists in a variety of disciplines to work in educational research.…

The classes and class members of function words are examined in detail in this paper in order to determine those which are most basic and most important to comprehension at the kindergarten through first-grade level. Noun determiners and pronouns, verbal determiners, and prepositions were found to be of importance, as were a small number of…

Presented are proceedings from a 1975 Bureau of Education for the Handicapped sponsored conference on research needs related to the education of the severely handicapped. It is explained that participants (whose names are listed in an appendix) focused upon the identification of research needs in four major areas: goals (remarks by M. Gold),…

The basic problem in designing change efforts and in assessing them is determining which processes or consequences count and by how much. Whether it is teaching or learning that needs to be changed has to be determined. So it is with class size. What is to be changed as well as how that change is to be measured needs to be determined. The key…

Questionnaires submitted to 454 Pennsylvania teachers indicated that only a small percentage utilize teaching ideas gained directly from reading research. Poor communication between researchers and teachers can be attributed to the underlying purposes for research and the methods through which it is disseminated. The undertaking of research…

In this paper, the author discusses the need for educational reform that will make public schools more thorough and efficient, and at the same time more humane. These changes can best be realized, he argues, through a curriculum that is organized around a system of required educational competencies rather than around required courses. Instituting…

Presented are 18 papers on predicting adolescent drug abuse. The papers have the following titles: "Current Issues in the Epidemiology of Drug Abuse as Related to Psychosocial Studies of Adolescent Drug Use"; "The Quest for Interpersonal Predictors of Marihuana Abuse in Adolescents"; "Assessing the Interpersonal Determinants of Adolescent Drug…

In order to study the general objectives, methods, and provisions for institutional research in the community college, this document surveys the pertinent literature and reviews institutional research practices at selected community colleges. In general, three basic governance structure models are identified which represent varying relationships…

Discussed in connection with Project PRIME (Programmed Reentry into Mainstream Education) is the need for educational research to assess the comparative efficacy of three instructional settings (regular resource, and self-contained special education classes) for providing services to handicapped children. It is explained that data on the classroom…

Identified are research, development, and organizational needs regarding sensory aids for the hearing impaired. Discussion of the present status of sensory aids focuses on acoustic and nonacoustic aids and points out that practical long-term utility has been extremely limited. Described are organizational and planning needs such as demographic…

This paper deals with two fundamental problems that are embedded in the evaluation of school practices: (1) attributing value to outcome measures, and (2) attributing outcomes to particular practices. Ways of generating evidence regarding the value of an outcome are discussed, particularly longitudinal research that clarifies the causal relations…

Territorial decentration is a question of major significance to geographic educators. This paper reports the findings of a research project designed to determine the territorial decentration of an American sample of children. The primary purpose of the research was to determine if Piaget's territorial decentration stages are appropriate for…