Several issues related to the licensure of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists are considered. Initially, the status quo of psychological licensing is reviewed. Reasons for favoring and opposing licensure are examined in terms of the protection of the public and protection of the field. Generic, specialty, and combined generic and…

Implications of three basic facts about very young infants are delineated in this summary. Normally, human infants are capable of a wide range of functions, such as "appetitive responses" (e.g., the rooting reflex) and defensive maneuvers. They experience pleasure and feel pain. Additionally, they undergo a transition from subcortical to…

In response to a National Science Foundation (NSF) request to conduct a multiphase study of the professional education and utilization of engineers in the United States during the remainder of this century, the Assembly of Engineering, National Research Council, established (as Phase I) the Committee of Education and Utilization of the Engineer.…

This study measured the thoroughness of reported research which appeared in seven journals in the health education field. Evaluation was made of articles, appearing between May 1980 and May 1981, in the "Journal of the American College Health Association,""American Journal of Public Health,""Health Education Quarterly,""Health Values: Achieving…

The analysis of story recall, a device used widely in reading research to gauge comprehension, typically involves a process of mapping recall against the original story. The process is based on the assumption that subjects are aiming for verbatim recall. To test the validity of this assumption, an analysis was conducted of 20 narrative retellings,…

Research on the use of knowledge resources in school improvement efforts explores the ways in which new ideas, programs, practices, materials, and technologies become incorporated into the operations of the nation's elementary and secondary schools, and examines the changes these organizations undergo in the process. Attempts at disseminating…

In order to identify the demands, the skills, and the various contexts that students can expect to face in their chosen professions, organizational communication researchers need to conduct studies that will lead educators to make intelligent decisions regarding what should and should not be taught in business and professional communication…

Behavioral effects studies of mediated violence have traditionally focused on four paradigms: limited effects/reinforcement, instigation, imitation, and catharsis. The catharsis perspective suggests that the desire or need to exhibit aggressive or hostile behaviors is reduced by a release of those desires through vicarious or behavioral…

The major contributions of research to the organization and delivery of health services in the past decade (circa 1972-1982) are described and some important areas for further research are indicated in the three main sections of this paper. The first section points out problems associated with the current state of the applied field of health…

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to the design of personal learning environments is an enterprise of both theoretical and practical interest. In the short term, the process of developing and testing intelligent tutoring programs serves as a new experimental vehicle for exploring alternative cognitive and pedagogical…

Sixteen background papers presented to a plenary session at a 1980 workshop on the role of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in aeronautics are presented. The central task of the workshop was to examine the relationship of NASA's research capabilities to the state of U.S. aviation and to make recommendations about NASA's…

For America to sustain a high standard of living and set aside the resources needed for national security, at least a decade of shoring up productive capacity is required--a period of reindustrialization. The United States has been underdeveloping, with too much consumption of goods and resources and too little investment in the national economic…

If human service personnel are to serve clients effectively, they must understand the condition of human need and the objects of need which satisfy the condition. While definitions of need vary according to academic discipline, a review of literature in ten academic areas revealed that need as a human condition is based upon the existence of…

Summarizing the best current thinking about what classroom approaches produce sound writing experiences in the first eight grades, this book offers teachers a means of checking on their own practices and perceptions about how writing can best be learned. The first chapter of the book presents a historical review of authoritative opinion regarding…

If futures studies is to progress beyond the formative stages, it must agree upon a set of premises, develop a common language, focus research efforts, and set useful objectives. To begin these processes, this paper examines basic premises, proposes criteria for judging relevance and progress in the field, and speculates on possible directions.…