The Surgeon General's report on children with special health needs proposes seven action steps needed to implement a community-based family centered health care approach. Recommended are the following actions: Pledge a national commitment to all children with special health care needs and their families; Encourage building community-based service…

This paper deals with questions having to do with the nature and effects of teachers' beliefs about schooling, and to the psychological relationship between theory and practice. It is posited that teachers' beliefs are likely to have a profound influence on their actions. A critical analysis of current school performance and teacher education…

An overview of research regarding mid-level administrators' careers is presented, and research topics and strategies for studying career opportunities are proposed. The review focuses on how mid-level administrators' careers are studied and the purposes of those studies. From research completed between 1969 and 1985, 30 studies about mid-level…

The paper states that quantification is neither ethical nor unethical, but is ethically neutral. It is the behavior or intent of the human being that is clearly a matter of ethical concern. Like numerology and the sects of inumerates and qualitatives, there is not so much an unethical practice that is supported as there is a lack of vision and…

Noting that Korean mass media began to appear about a century ago, this paper gives a brief history of major Korean academic institutions that contributed to early communication studies. It also introduces exemplary studies done in 13 fields to aid in understanding state-of-the-art paradigms of communications research in the Republic of Korea…

Questions of how and why early childhood education has come to rely on a psychological perspective are examined and problematic aspects of the discourse of early childhood education are explored. An overview of the history of early education discusses the replacement of idealistic by pragmatic perspectives, the influence of Darwin's use of the…

This paper summarizes the recent advances achieved by research in the area of developmental disabilities, and discusses directions for future research in this area. Approximately 8 to 10 per cent of the pediatric population suffers from one or more developmental disabilities. The most common of these are learning disabilities, which include some…

A study was undertaken to develop guidelines for the interpretation of the parameters of three multidimensional item response theory models and to determine the relationship between the parameters and traditional concepts of item difficulty and discrimination. The three models considered were multidimensional extensions of the one-, two-, and…

Multiple matrix sampling (MMS) theory indicates how data may be gathered to most efficiently convey information about levels of attainment in a population, but standard analyses of these data require random sampling of items from a fixed pool of items. This assumption proscribes the retirement of flawed or obsolete items from the pool as well as…

Evidence today indicates that the causes of mental retardation are biological, psychological, and social in origin and that a combination of these causes frequently occur in a single individual. Mental retardation is identified clinically by the presence of several signs that include, but are not limited to, a significant impairment of…

Research in population trends is reviewed in this report. The background of population research is examined in reference to methodology and costs. Research conducted by demographers and other population scientists are compared in four areas: fertility, mortality, migration and population redistribution, and population composition and change.…

The results of a survey questionnaire of all teaching faculty at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) were presented. The researchers were concerned with teacher-constructed classroom tests and the problems encountered in developing, administering, and grading them. The survey topics included: instructors' current test development…

The current growth of interest in intercultural communication skills may be poorly directed. Unlike TESOL programs, bilingual and intercultural communication programs are designed to promote knowledge and experience in more than one language culture. Bilingual education's transformation into a program directed not at promoting true bilingualism,…

When Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Scale was administered to 26 healthy and 26 chronically ill children, it was found that the chronically ill were significantly more anxious than the healthy. Results also suggested that the question of sex differences in children's emotional response to illness deserves further investigation in studies…

One problem faced by researchers is the selection of the most appropriate research method or methods, given the context of the research setting. This dilemma does not concern the choice of the best research method given the program objectives or research questions, nor the selection of the best state-of-the-art methods. The issue concerns the…