There has been a systematic underestimation by researchers and educational theorists of children's true abilities, with a distorted portrayal of childhood. Current understanding of children rests on a network of narrow assumptions about children and their abilities. A new research methodology is needed, with the child as the ethnographic…

This article on curriculum and instructional issues in teaching secondary students with learning disabilities discusses the impact of traditional secondary school programs on these students; promising research examining alternative program models and instructional interventions (including the Strategies Intervention Model, Integrated Strategy…

This article chronicles the development of level systems designed for students with significant behavior problems, to foster student improvement through self-management and positive reinforcement. The article examines assumptions underlying level systems' concepts and components and offers recommendations to guide future research into the design…

Research on women's dental health and on differences between men's and women's dental health issues is reviewed. Factors specifically influencing women's health, including medical, economic, social, psychological, and behavioral factors, are also examined. It is argued that the clustering of risk factors for women indicates a need for more…

Describes initial design considerations and implementation issues for a hypertext retrieval system for structured bibliographic data. Previous research on information retrieval and hypertext is reviewed; HyperLynx, a hypertext prototype information retrieval system that emphasized ease of use and browsing capabilities, is explained; and further…

Although Western research has identified principal leadership as a necessary condition for school improvement, little is known about how principals provide instructional leadership in developing countries. This problem was addressed by translating and administering the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) to 10 secondary…

Examines themes emerging from the articles in this journal issue on transformational leadership in education (the postmodern, critical theory, the need for more case studies, and the role of discourse). (SM)

Describes a study that examined quantifiable characteristics of library schools to construct a model that predicts a judgment of perceived quality of library schools. Two perception studies conducted by Herbert White are discussed, statistical methods used are explained, and recommendations for further research are given. (34 references) (LRW)

Discusses ways that researchers in higher education may gain access to and collect quality data about teacher thinking and practice, proposing roles and relationships for researchers conducting qualitative research in which they may be consultants and in which affective, human-relating skills are as important as traditional technical research…

Evaluates theories that explain the origins of conduct disorder and the evidence supporting them. Evidence is interpreted as demonstrating the primacy of the child's contribution to conduct disorder within a reciprocal parent-child interactive system, and thus corroborating control systems theory. Citations number 106. (RH)

A Delphi of 22 professors of adult education obtained high consensus on the use of technology, research methodology, and business/industry relationships with continuing higher education (CHE). Failure to agree on a sharply defined research future for CHE and poor prospects for external funding were identified as problems. (SK)

This article discusses knowledge gaps that exist in the instruction of preschoolers with disabilities, in terms of the curriculum content, procedures used to individualize instruction, instructional procedures designed to ensure acquisition, and strategies used to ensure skill use or generalization. Barriers to generating such knowledge and…

Compares the validity of principals' judgments and teachers' self-ratings in an extensively developed program (North Carolina's Teacher Performance Appraisal Instrument), using a high-inference rating scale. Results did not support using principals' judgments on high-inference items when global inferences on teacher effectiveness are desired.…

Discusses reevaluation of the status of the physical education profession. To achieve professional respectability, physical educators must produce scholarly and scientific knowledge. The article reviews U.S. medicine at the turn of the century, noting the medical profession's struggles 100 years ago were similar to those faced by physical…

Critically examines current education reform, based on a 50-state survey. Studies state legislation passed since 1983 and investments in 1988 reforms in the context of current educational issues, highlighting areas for further research. Presents data on special populations. Future reforms will be cast in response to present-day emphases. Funding…