This article reviews the scope and dynamics of heart, lung, and blood diseases and explains the need for research on primary prevention programs for children. Suggestions for school health education programs that contribute to disease prevention are delineated. (Author/DF)

This paper presents an ecological approach to the study of day care, addressing the interaction of such factors as the developmental needs of children, the role of family structure, and the impact of governmental funding and regulatory policies. (Author/LMO)

Among the issues rated most highly by 67 professionals in the field of mental retardation were two clusters: first, vocational, career education, and postschool adjustment; and second, long term effects and generalization of effects of programs. (Author/CL)

Raises three issues concerning the activity of writing and its relation to texts and cultures: (1) knowledge as the basis for the activity of writing, (2) the varying nature of the activity itself and how that activity is shaped by context, and (3) the perceived nature of the written work in a given culture. (HOD)

A national survey of 223 colleges and universities with undergraduate elementary teacher education programs showed that most required a course in social studies methods but required less than the 18 credit hours in social science content recommended by the National Council for the Social Studies Teacher Education guidelines. (Author/RM)

Discusses questions of central importance to researchers interested in educational computing, namely long-range, cumulative effects of computer use; cumulative effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior; identification, conceptualization, and study of computers' capabilities carrying the most educational promise; transfer of learning; and…

Scholarship must be a main topic of concern if teacher preparation institutions are to become first-rate professional schools. Due to the complexity of teaching and teacher education, on-going study is imperative. Classroom phenomena and institution culture and ethos must be addressed by schools of education. (DF)

The first section of this paper reviews research in which student achievement was not included as a correlate of principal attributes, or principal attributes were not included as correlates of student achievement. The second section focuses on the study of the linkage between the school principal and overall student achievement. (BW)

Explores the shortcomings of research for resolving the question of the effectiveness of grammar instruction. Suggests that writers need to develop skills at two levels: broadly rhetorical, involving communication in meaningful contexts; and broadly metalinguistic (rather than linguistic), involving active manipulation of language with conscious…

This article is a response to Ruth Wade's meta-analysis of inservice teacher education research in the same issue of "Educational Leadership" (EA 518 308). Factors making a difference in inservice education are identified, but more work needs to be done in understanding the specific, practical details, allowing application. (DCS)

The pre-math computer program for preschool children that is described is divided into subprograms representing different basic numerical concepts--discrimination, recognition, and recall--and presents research design used to test the program's effectiveness with Head Start preschool children. Results indicate the program was ineffective…

The failure of compensatory education programs to demonstrate permanent increases in intelligence with early intervention has constituted a basic challenge to the validity of the early experience paradigm. A reconceptualization of the effects of early experience, emphasizing the cumulative and dialectical nature of development, is needed. (KH)

An ongoing need for science policy in the near future will be a continuing emphasis on relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency in research. However, the university's response must be rooted in critical dialog with its environment, frequently reexamining its policy implications. (MSE)

Reviews the pre-1950 literature on content area reading instruction and identifies 47 major references. Finds that contemporary researchers attend to only two of these references. (FL)

Administered two measures of general self-concept and two measures of academic self-concept to 1,018 high school students in October and May of the same school year to determine reliability and validity. Results indicated the need for more research investigating the psychometric properties of measures of academic self-concept. (JAC)