Major changes in the methods and contents of research are needed. Promising trends in the design and conduct of studies include: (a) macroscopic rather than microscopic levels of study; (b) field rather than laboratory studies; (c) focusing on the total individual; (d) developing a contractual relationship between researcher and subject. (Author)

Examines efforts to reorganize professional certification of persons engaged in scientific and scholarly activities in the Soviet Union. Regulations ratified by the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1976 deal with creating special councils to examine dissertations, and drafting standards of dissertation originality and relevance.…

Analyzes the literature pertaining to the adult's need to learn how to learn and this concept's relevance for successful adult learning in three modes (learning on one's own, collaborative learning, and institutional learning). Also, discusses training (which helps adults acquire learning skills) and suggests some researchable questions. (EM)

Explains that the central problem of experimental social psychology is the mutual influencing processes by which the individual affects and is affected by others. Identifies important areas in social psychology before and after 1950; reviews work on balance and dissonance theories; and explores the relationship between attribution and balance…

Discusses the need for additional research pertaining to cognitive preferences in science. (SL)

Concludes that today's problems are complex and that their solutions may be equally complicated. The overriding need is for the straightforward application of social science techniques governed by human values. (Author/AM)

Concludes that in addition to using multivariate methods to analyze their data, investigators need to begin thinking in terms of large-scale randomized controlled field trails (i.e., experiments). One of the challenges for the ethnographic educational researcher is to demonstrate the superiority of the anthropological field method over the more…

This article reported the results of a survey of 210 school psychologists' research and information needs across several areas of practice. The usefulness of a number of journals and other resources were evaluated. It was concluded that several areas of research identified as crucial to practice have been neglected in training and in research…

Argues that three tenets of the traditional wisdom about teacher questioning are based on inadequate research: (1) it is useful to classify questions as fact (lower level) or reason (higher level); (2) higher level questions are better; and (3) questions are good in general because they stimulate thought. (MBR)

A response to the numerous reports calling for reform in teacher education points out that, if foreign language instruction is to benefit from such reform, subject-matter specific research must be conducted to inform the profession. (CB)

Advocates need for more research on dual career families, dealing with power, role specialization, ethnicity, race, social class, sexual preference, sources of satisfaction, spouse support, coping strategies and spouse communication. Examines issues regarding equity and power in a relationship and sex and family roles. Religious and moral values…

The systematic confounding and belittling of deaf people's language systems have negatively affected their language and learning skills. Deaf individuals must recognize this form of oppression and their own personal power by taking control of research and study in this field. (CB)

Traces historical developments and recent trends in library and information science research in United States, Great Britain, and India; discusses factors contributing to developments in United States and United Kingdom; and reviews Ranganathan's contributions in detail. Some factors hindering research in India and areas which require research are…

Outlines a complex research agenda for understanding the contributions of informal social support to the quality of later life. Suggests a conceptual model for investigating informal support networks and well-being for the elderly and offers suggestions for operationalizing the model. (NRB)

Surveys communication researchers about the importance of 116 research questions and 24 general areas in communication education to identify future research needs for the discipline. Indicates that priority should be placed on investigations of student and teacher communication competence, effects of teacher communication on learning, and…