Three possible directions for literacy research in the United Kingdom (UK), in terms of three comparative perspectives are (1) cross-cultural, (2) academic/practitioner, and (3) adult/school. Walter Ong's argument that with the advent of writing human consciousness and ways of thinking were altered fundamentally, underlies many of the claims for…

For Australia's tourism industry to be commercially effective, all of its workers must develop second language skills, intercultural skills, and support and tolerance of foreign guests. Community attitudes, education, the tourism industry itself, and research and development must change to foster cultural understanding and intercultural…

Although a concern with population issues has gone out of fashion, the problems underlying that concern have not disappeared. Solving these problems would be facilitated by increased knowledge produced by scientists working directly on population issues. A study was conducted to explore patterns and correlates of research productivity of members…

This study investigated the reformulated theory of learned helplessness, centering around attributional style in the cause of cognitive and emotional deficits. Subjects (N=58) were undergraduate and graduate psychology students at the University of Alabama at Huntsville. Subjects were divided into an experimental group (N=30) who received…

This document reviews literature which analyzes factors of adolescent drug use/abuse and the effectiveness of various drug abuse prevention programs. After a brief introduction to the topic of drug abuse, 16 terms such as "adolescence" and "drug abuse" are defined. Ten papers and articles on the topic of motivations and factors for drug use are…

An important concern related to the increase in numbers of home computers is the integration of technology into the family system. This paper defines a theoretical perspective and research strategies from which to assess gender-related perceptions surrounding home computer use. The perspective is drawn from B. Bernstein's (1971, 1973) notions of…

One of the missions of the Research on Evaluation Program for 1983, is to increase the capacity of the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory (NWREL) to provide regional services in the areas of evaluation, policy analysis, and especially cost analysis. To provide this service, the program needed specific information on regional service needs…

The majority of empirical studies on performance appraisal (PA) systems focus on the search for the perfect form in which subjective traits are replaced by objective and job-relevant, measurable behaviors. Organizations using a PA system to evaluate their employees struggle with issues of implementation, adaptation, and linkage with other human…

This paper reviews past research in the area of early childhood education, points out current realities, and suggests future possibilities for investigation. Description of past research draws on the yearbooks of the National Society for the Study of Education and such sources as the "Handbook of Research in Early Childhood Education,"…

The purpose of this paper is to present a general research model for the study of interpersonal communication competence. The paper summarizes the research background for the model and covers considerations for a general theory of competence. It notes that recently the communication field has shifted in emphasis from concerns of public speaking…

One of several papers commissioned by the National Institute of Education (NIE), this discussion addresses the utility of test-equating studies for large-scale program evaluation and investigates the use of standardized tests in similar evaluation efforts. The discussion begins with an examination of the question, Should standardized achievement…

In true experiments in which sample material can be randomly assigned to treatment conditions, most researchers presume that the condition of equal sample sizes is statistically desirable. When one or more a priori contrasts can be identified which represent a few overriding experimental concerns, however, allocating sample material unequally will…

Idioglossia is a private communication system, most commonly occurring in twins. It also occurs between singletons and between other siblings of multiple births. These communication systems range from manual gestures to a fully developed vocal language with its own grammar. The literature of idioglossia is scanty and largely anecdotal. Much of the…

This investigation of survey research methodology examined the satisfaction differences between anonymous and identified respondents to a client satisfaction survey from a university counseling center. A questionnaire based on the Counseling Services Assessment Blank was mailed to 410 students terminated from counseling during the 1980-81 academic…

Sixteen quantitative studies concerning the adaptive behavior development (ABD) of young children in day care and home care were reviewed. The reviewed literature was grouped into three categories, namely, studies on: (1) mother and home care and ABD; (2) day care and ABD; and (3) mother and home care versus day care and ABD. Research findings…