Research in the field of computer based instruction (CBI) has led to conflicting evidence on the efficacy of learner control over instruction. Typical implementations of learner control in CBI allow learners to proceed at their own pace, control the sequence of instruction, choose the amount of practice, or decide the level of difficulty…

This monograph contains three symposium presentations that are intended to help define and clarify possible options for a future research agenda for lifelong learning. "Adult Learning: A Review of the Literature with Suggestions for the Direction of Future Research" (Sharan Merriam) thoroughly develops a matrix that explains the contributions of…

This paper examines the moral presuppositions of public policy and professional practice concerned with the sexual victimization of children by adults. It begins with an overview of the problem of child sexual abuse and a set of 10 generalizations drawn from research on both clinical and non-clinical samples of victims. Three responsibilities…

The call for more empirical research in art education during the 1950s seems to be a precursor of the contemporary move toward more systematic instruction in the visual arts. If making art employs nonverbal aesthetic concepts, then conceptual consistency and problem solving within studio instruction can facilitate students' acquisition, retention,…

This report discusses relevant theories and principles of curriculum, pedagogy, and social organization of middle schools in order to serve as a focus for further research and development in teacher education. The first section of the three-part report concentrates on teachers' work with middle school students, and the challenges they face in…

In order for teacher centers to develop programs and activities appropriate to the needs of their target populations, a detailed and accurate representation, as well as ongoing evaluation of the center operation must be maintained. A data base must be established that encompasses the accurate portrayal of daily operations in order to facilitate…

This paper reviews four categories of models of motivational design, which is an aspect of instructional design that refers specifically to strategies, principles, and processes for making instruction appealing. Grounded in psychological theories of human behavior, the models in the first three categories discussed are based on person-centered…

Rather than just examine surface problems, a more productive inquiry into social studies teacher education is to examine the structure and internal processes of teacher education. When probing beneath the surface and looking within, teacher educators see three unflattering images: misplaced martyrdom, myth maintenance, and woe-is-meism. Misplaced…

Adult and continuing education is the most evolutionary area in education today. It is growing, both in terms of student participation and in the number and types of providers. Of the approximately 120 million adults in the United States, 12 percent (or 18 million) were involved in a formal learning experience leading to a diploma last year. Adult…

The role that illustrations can play in textbooks and other instructional materials is an issue that must appear rather baffling to the instructional materials designer. Focusing primarily on the use of illustrations in textbooks designed for able readers, a literature review has revealed the following: (1) illustrations have been shown in a few…

Psychological, sociological and social-psychological variables are involved in most cases of domestic violence in Australia. In general, the modern family faces external forces, pressures, and strains, as well as internal problems such as blurred generational and sex roles. Numerous characteristics of modern life (for example, the collapse of…

Feminist research techniques in sociology, history, and anthropology reveal consistent approaches on how to study women. In all three disciplines, feminist methodology reveals a pervasive lack of information about women's worlds, a bias in the underrepresentation of women researchers, a need to reconceptualize previously investigated phenomena to…

Intended primarily for researchers and prevention program personnel, this booklet provides current background information on the continuing problem of smoking among children and adolescents. In the first brief section, research findings concerning American youth's current smoking patterns and beliefs are described. The second section considers…

Research has shown that producers and consumers of television programs are still uncertain about the nature of the "grammar" or "lexicon" that makes up the language of television. Although attempts have been made in experimental television ("video art"), systematic studies on the idiosyncratic nature, unique features,…

Existing research knowledge concerning the self-concept of Asian American children, particularly in relation to bilingual education, is explored in this paper. The significance of the literature review is considered to rest on the assumption that Asian Americans' physical characteristics, language, and cultural orientation make their self-concept…