The poor evidently do not all think alike or react similarly to materials written for them. The authors suggest that professionals should reassess their communications approach to the poor, because of the sharply differing attitudes, opinions, and values which their study found among welfare recipients. Five well-defined groups are described.…

Condensed from "Phi Delta Kappan," Volume 50 (December 1968), 228-30.

Measures to directly create jobs have begun to occupy an important position in American economic policies. Most of these measures involve direct public service programs and employment subsidies. This paper explores the reasons for the emergence of such programs and notes that the economic rationale for these measures suggests a substantial…

This report is one of a series of papers presented to encourage discussion on the evaluation of important development issues. The recent emphasis within the Agency for International Development (AID) on knowing the impacts of development assistance, particularly the benefit incidence of projects and programs, makes it important to look at the…

The overall purpose of the national Head Start evaluation is to assess the impact, on the children and parents being served, of: (1) the educational services component of Head Start, and (2) a new demonstration program within Head Start, Basic Educational Skills (BES). The evaluation deals with a total of 65 Head Start programs and their families.…

The role of the College of the City of New York (CCNY) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is described, particularly with regard to early Jewish immigrants. It is suggested that the myth of the "easy marriage" of Jewish values and American opportunities ignores the variety of Jewish culture and the drama of the vast…

This report discusses the administration of the 1977 summer food program for children. Widespread abuses in 1976 and earlier programs are reviewed. It is held that although some abuses did occur in 1977, these were fewer and less serious than before. Causes of the program abuses are discussed in detail, and include such factors as: (1) inadequate…

The purpose of this document is to present statistics which show clearly that poverty is a women's issue. The position of poor women relative to the total population living below the Federal poverty line is demonstrated. Income levels are analyzed to reveal the percentages of women whose annual income is below $5,000. The relationship of income…

This paper is concerned with the relationship between Rastafarianism and black youth in Great Britain. Rastafarianism is considered from three main perspectives: (1) the social, economic, and historical context of the movement's development among poor blacks in Jamaica since the 1930's; (2) the evolution of Reggae as the musical expression of…

STUDIES ON THE POOR'S PATTERNS OF CHILD-REARING AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS ARE SUMMARIZED AND COMPARED WITH STUDIES ON IDEAL PATTERNS OF CHILD-READING AND LIFE. EDUCATIONALLY ACHIEVING FAMILIES GIVE THE CHILD FREEDOM WITHIN CONSISTENT LIMITS AND A WIDE RANGE OF PARENT-GUIDED EXPERIENCES. VERY POOR FAMILIES LIMIT FREEDOM FOR EXPLORATION AND HAVE A…

THE SOCIAL AND MEDICAL PROBLEM TODAY HAS SHIFTED FROM PROVIDING FOR THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL NEEDS OF THE INDIGENT SICK TO RAISING THE LEVEL OF LOWER CLASS PARTICIPATION IN THE BENEFITS OF MODERN MEDICINE. GREATER ATTENTION IS BEING FOCUSED ON MEDICAL DEPRIVATION SUFFERED BY LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION WHO DO NOT SHARE EQUALLY IN MEDICAL…

This report assesses the impact of Federal food assistance programs on hunger in America between the years 1967 and 1976. Data indicate that assistance to persons residing in counties with the highest infant mortality rate and counties with the lowest per capita income rose since 1967. Assistance to counties with lower infant mortality rates and…

The primary purpose of this report was to assess the extent to which multiple benefit participation in governmental economic support programs occurs among the minority poor and jobless. Data were supplied by the National Urban League Black Pulse Survey, which interviewed 3,000 black households in an attempt to assess the needs and status of blacks…

Distar (Direct Instructional System for Teaching) was specifically developed to ameliorate the reading problems of inner city children. The program, developed by Bereiter and Englemann, is based on the assumption that disadvantaged children lack certain basic language skills, information and behavioral patterns, which prevent them from mastering…