The first chairs in education were established in Scotland in 1876; education departments were founded in English universities in the late 1890s. Discussed are the four periods through which the study of education in Britain passed. Education as a specific focus of study did not enter universities until the 1960s. (Author/RM)

In this address before the American Educational Research Association, the director of the National Institute of Education discusses the leadership role of that agency in educational improvement and emphasizes the importance of cooperation between research and practice communities, between administrators and policymakers, and among federal, state,…

The use of in-service teacher training in one local school district in Britain is examined. The district kept poor records and utilized such training less than the national average, with 2? days per year spent on in-service for each teacher compared with 3? nationally. (IS)

Traces the emergence of aging education in the public schools. Suggests that as students learn to see the world as a global village, they also can learn about aging and that older people exist both as a national resource and a national problem. Curriculum materials and programs, while scarce, are becoming increasingly available. (Author/JAC)

Education in China was dominated for 2000 years by Confucianism, with its reverence for learning and resultant class system. Under Mao, education emphasized practical applications of subject matter and the importance of manual labor. Since Mao's death, schools are again beginning to emphasize the development of intellectual skills. (CS)

This study identified curriculum materials and educational resources currently used in preservice teacher education programs in Israel and how these materials are employed. Great diversity was found in the types of materials in use. The need for development of specially designed curriculum materials is expressed. (PP)

Educational theory and practice are examined in the context of the system of values, beliefs, and moral and aesthetic judgments that are representative of society. "Aristocratic,""bourgeois," and "radical" views and influences on educational theory and practice are also discussed. (CJ)

John Dewey's influence on educational thought and practice was felt on six continents and brought about in three ways: (1) Dewey's visits to foreign countries; (2) translations of Dewey's books into languages; and (3) the thousands of foreign students who studied Dewey's philosophy and returned to their countries to become leaders in education.…

The initiation of a national examination system in the People's Republic of China has had a marked impact upon educational policies. An historical overview of the Chinese educational system, the nature of the national examination, and implications of curricular change are used to support the assumption that curricular change can have profound…

Relevance of kibbutz education in relation to influence of progressive Western tradition is examined in: (1) analysis of objectives; (2) discussion of the success of the kibbutz in attaining the objectives; (3) comparison of the objectives in light of differences in social relations between the West and the kibbutz; and (4) reinterpretation of…

Discusses classroom literary practices related to teacher questioning, retelling, literalism, and figurative language for children in the concrete operational stage; concludes that recent research on response to literature may say as much about what children are taught to do as what they do developmentally. Offers suggestions about teaching…

Reviews long-term plans drawn up by the Ministry of Education and the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences regarding educational establishments and educational programs in the Soviet Union. Emphasis is placed on forecasting educational development problems and policies. (DB)

Describes the consequence of increasing undergraduate engineering enrollments on undergraduate engineering programs, including heavier teaching loads, reduced research activity, tighter operating budgets, reduced student-faculty contact, use of nonfaculty personnel, fewer requirement and course offerings, and facilities and equipment inadequacies.…

Caroline Hodges Percell's views on the purpose of schooling are reviewed in this article. Her data demonstrating the school's role in encouraging the continuation of the inequalities of American society are discussed. (EB)

Chronicles the rapid growth in educational achievement and equality which has taken place in Malaysia as a result of political independence in 1957. Theorizes that the policies of the independent government, particularly in the area of greater accessibility of primary schooling, are largely responsible for the reduction of educational disparities.…