Educational planning involves both the notions of ordering any unordered educational system and that of replanning an institutional and policy framework according to new criteria. Planning refers to that situation where there are relatively few or no constraints on the planning process from existing educational institutions or current policy…

This article critiques the World Bank's Education Sector Working Paper published in December 1974, and discusses education in developing countries. (Author/RM)

Criticisms directed at the I-E Scale are: that it is too general and should be broken into components, that it is politically biased, that subjects respond to items on the scale on the basis of the perceived social desirability of the alternatives, and that predicted negative correlations between it, academic achievement and achievement motivation…

Calls attention to objectives of educational policy in England and Wales for the 1980s. Education and training will concentrate on socialization of students to modern society; promotion of socially disadvantaged groups; and integration of general and vocational education. Curriculum policies and teacher training guidelines are discussed. (DB)

Discusses pedagogical reforms in French elementary and secondary schools since 1959. Major objectives of reforms were adaptation to economic and technological change and democratization. Identifies problems related to institutional obstacles, individual needs, and harmonizing social development and educational practice. (DB)

Discusses reform in the Swedish public school system since 1962. Reform efforts have centered around equality of opportunity and meeting individual needs. Topics discussed include experimental high schools, open classrooms, student motivation, individualized instruction, and social integration. (DB)

Details improvements which the Soviet public education system should undertake to provide youth with a Communist upbringing in an age of rapid scientific and technological development. A review of educational psychological literature by Soviet scholars focuses on teaching methods, psychological development, student motivation, and the relationship…

Examines recent changes in history curriculum in Ontario, Canada. The curriculum decisions stress ethnicity and cultural pluralism in English Canadian society. The new curriculum for elementary school history and social science is entitled "Multiculturalism in Action," and the secondary curriculum includes a unit on Canada's…

Surveys research on teaching methods in the Soviet Union and suggests how teachers can apply research findings and techniques in the classroom. Topics discussed include improving the content of education, teaching methods, organizational forms of teaching, and ways of applying the findings of research in practice. (Author/DB)

Analyzes education in light of social structure and social change in Latin America. Identifies styles of education which are correlated with certain social conditions. Concludes that additional research should be done on education as an integral part of the social system. (Author/DB)

Describes educational development in Latin America in light of specific features exhibited in various nations and different social strata within each nation. Also offers a theoretical explanation for educational development. (Author/DB)

Characterizes aesthetic education in the Soviet Union as an increasingly important force in shaping ideological attitudes of children and young adults, providing a balance to intellectual development for all students, and increasing creative development. (Author/DB)