Highlights political, educational, and teacher education policies in Zimbabwe since independence, noting the effect on teacher education of the expansion in all levels of education. The paper also describes innovations in teacher education which were aggressive actions on the part of educators in Zimbabwe. (SM)

Describes Council of Europe meetings on teacher education. A 1987 meeting examined new challenges. In 1990, one seminar discussed selection and development of teacher trainers, and another examined training classroom teachers for working with varied abilities and backgrounds. The All-European Conference of Directors of Educational Research…

A discussion of Brazilian teacher education offers four conclusions: problems must be handled in association with other professional, academic, and social problems; historical roots determine the way issues are faced; economic conditions are the source of most obstacles to change; and quality is the key to making the issues effective. (SM)

A longtime teacher in the United Kingdom uses his own work experiences and those of his colleagues to describe teachers' attitudes regarding teaching terms and conditions. He examines the Secretary of State for Education's "Terms and Conditions of Service" document and its implications for teacher supply and quality. (SM)

Examines the university's mission of serving as a fortress for freedom of speech, inquiry, and criticism in a democracy to be pursued in a climate of political and academic freedom. Three other aspects of democracy in the university (equal access, governance, and public utility of the university) are discussed. (SM)

Bill Clinton's first hundred days in the presidency of the United States are reviewed, focusing on his stated objectives for public education and social change and on his actions in those areas. The educational and social situation and recent events in New York City (New York) are used for illustration. (MSE)

Describes the changes in Soviet/Russian higher education since 1986. Reviews the development of higher education since 1918 and the bureaucratic structures that stifled progress and focused on vocational preparation. Argues that decentralization of authority will lead to improved general education essential for a free society. (CFR)

Since a federal appeals court dropped a case 3 years ago, ruling that states, not the federal government, are responsible for ensuring equal educational opportunity, educators feel African-American education has lost ground. The case argued states sanctioned dual systems of education. States' elimination of some programs now threatens…

In England, vast amounts of energy are being spent on changing organizational structures and school financing systems to produce a market accountability on the schools. Raises a series of questions that should be considered in restructuring efforts in the United States. (MLF)

Public schools and school boards are under attack from the religious right. Cites the strategies of some of these organizations, including quotes from Robert Simonds, the leader of Citizens for Excellence in Education. Advises school boards to have explicit policies on the selection of textbooks and academic freedom; to involve parents; and to…

Chronicles experiences of depression era "Okies," juxtaposes them against experiences of Mexican Americans, and illuminates the diminution of agricultural labor in an industrializing society. Schooling for those groups was legitimized by their low occupational status. When economic circumstances improved, whites escaped from migrant…

Suggests that Latin American education systems suffered disproportionately from "economic adjustment" programs of the 1980s that addressed external debt. Examines declines in educational expenditures, access to education, and educational quality. Focuses on Costa Rica and Venezuela as highly indebted democracies where education has had…

In Europe, the modern university has emerged as a both regional and international institution. Internationalization of the university has been furthered by innovative exchange programs, which add a political dimension. Success of the exchanges appears to depend on development of capacity to support expanded international flows of students and…

Examines Australian curriculum movements since 1950. Argues that curriculum specialists in the 1970s allied with progressive teachers' and parents' organizations to foster diverse participation in curriculum decision making. Contrasts this to the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s, when curriculum specialists assisted conservative state education…

This article addresses the evaluation of new British programs designed to bring more experiential and active learning into the higher education curriculum. Some of the difficulties of assessing these programs are examined and political influences on evaluation are discussed. (MSE)