The purpose of this study was to investigate whether gender accounts for student differences in performance and achievement in mathematics. Data for the study were drawn from the Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) of seventh and eighth grade students from Japan, Belgium, Canada (British Columbia and Ontario), France, the United States,…

This study analyzed the enrollment of two computer classes at a public high school in northern Indiana to see if there was any computer inequity. The two classes examined--an introduction to computers course and a computer programming course--were studied over a period of four years. The sample consisted of 388 students in four years of the…

This paper proposes that instructional validity (i.e., the extent to which teachers actually teach the skills that are tested) should be part of the test development process. The development of a district-wide ninth-grade math exam for General Mathematics I (GMI) in the Charleston County School District, South Carolina, is used to illustrate how a…

This report is essentially a "map" of the available reports prepared to evaluate the Comprehensive School Mathematics Program (CSMP) over a nine-year period. These evaluations were conducted during the development and pilot testing of CSMP by an evaluation staff independent of the program developers and guided by an external evaluation…

Between 1980 and 1982, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) collected data on mathematics curricula, teaching practices, and achievement from samples of students, teachers, and schools in 18 countries. This material is a technical supplement describing the…

This study investigated the processes by which variation in format for presenting multiplication problems influenced children's motivation and achievement. The three multiplication drill and practice instructional methods were: (1) computer-assisted instruction (CAI) with a reward game, (2) computer-assisted instruction without a reward game, and…

Results of the most recent administration of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) suggest that the majority of secondary students believe in the independence of random events. In the study reported here, a high percentage of high school and college students answered similar problems correctly. However, about half of the students…

This paper examines the cognitive structures and processes that mediate mathematical and scientific ability. Ability is divided into achieved abilities and precursor abilities. Identified concepts in the area of achieved ability include expertise, understanding, and problem-solving. Other abilities can be seen as precursors to such achieved…

Evaluated was a three-year pilot project, the Academic Scholars Achievement Program. Its goals were: (1) to revitalize the college-preparatory mathematics program of two California high schools, and (2) to increase the number of minority students completing that program. Establishing collegial relationships between the faculties of the schools and…

Project Cumbre, the bilingual education program at the Ann Street Bilingual School in Hartford, Connecticut, was evaluated for the 1981-82 school year. The school was attended by 279 students in kindergarten through grade 6, of whom the majority were Hispanic. The participants, program, and objectives are described. Results are reported on (1)…

A battery of aptitude and vocabulary tests was administered to 477 students from two high schools. Test scores were correlated with grades in three mathematics courses (algebra, geometry, and algebra II/trigonometry) and scores on the PSAT and SAT. It was found that course grades are most strongly related to analytical reasoning, English…

This report is the third in a series of research projects concerning abilities and performance processes, particularly in school mathematics. A theoretical scrutiny of traditional psychometric testing, cognitive processes, their interrelationships, and an empirical application of the theoretical considerations on the level of junior secondary…

A study identified effective teaching strategies by constructing and comparing the teaching profiles of two eighth grade mathematics teachers whose students made significant achievement gains over the school year. This paper describes procedures used to select successful teachers within classroom groups having students with equivalent cognitive…

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Groups of Four" program, examining the impact of the cooperative learning strategy on students' achievement in mathematical problem solving. Effects of three specific independent variables in the program were examined in terms of gender, group assignment, and ability,…

The Stanford Achievement Test (SAT), Test of Academic Skills Level I was administered to 10,186 tenth grade students in Hawaii during fall 1984. This two-section report presents findings from the SAT's mathematics subtest. This subtest measured students' competency in these nine areas: numbers, symbols, and sets; number properties and operations…