A survey of 39 psychologists at a state school for mentally retarded persons assessed the prevalence of self-restraint, self-injurious behavior (SIB) and other maladaptive behaviors. Results indicated that almost all clients engaging in self-restraint also engaged in self-injurious behavior. (Author/DB)

Five validity studies of the id, ego, superego, and identity scales of the Study of Imagery are reported, using undergraduate students. Multistage Bonferroni procedures are used to evaluate the significance of results. The scales are related to each other and to toughmindedness, self-control, and behavioral conflict. (TJH)

The paper presents a seven-step model that job coaches may use to teach self-management to employees with severe disabilities in supported employment settings. Steps include: identifying the problem, establishing a range of acceptable behavior, selecting self-management procedures, training self-management skills by withdrawing external…

Seven children in grades two-four self-monitored their articulation during conversation in a clinic setting where treatment was implemented. After varying intervals, self-monitoring outside of the clinic setting was introduced. Self-monitoring outside the clinic setting resulted in rapid and widespread generalization; monitoring of speech within…

Measured the effects of risk taking portrayed in television programs on children's willingness to take risks. Children, ages six to nine, viewed programs featuring either infrequent or frequent risk taking; a control group viewed no television. Subjects' self-reports indicated that children who viewed programs with frequent risk taking increased…

Proposes a theory of reasoning and outlines four general types of reasoning (case-based, law-based, coherence-based, and dialectical) based on the constraints the reasoning seeks to honor. The development of reasoning is presented as a continuing construction and reconstruction of self-constraints and justifications for those constraints,…

This discussion addresses the use of self-management as a behavior change technology for adolescents with behavior disorders. The supporting literature is reviewed; reasons for considering self-management strategies are presented; and specific guidelines are provided for planning self-management interventions based on a self-management planning…

The study examining the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral training program with 30 behaviorally disordered adolescents found participating students exhibited fewer aggressive behaviors and demonstrated greater self-control than nonparticipating students. The addition of an incentive for implementing the training strategies did not appear to…

Growing up in a highly eroticized environment, children are preoccupied with sex in developmentally distorted ways and increasingly likely to act out their sexual impulses. Abstinence is the only totally effective way to avoid pregnancy, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Chastity education promises great success through promotion of…

This study combined the concept of self-control with Keller's ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) model of motivational design to determine whether students could be trained to make instruction relevant to themselves by using metalearning strategies. Results suggest students can be trained to do this and that this training can…

Theater participation aids students in several areas, including self-expression, self-development, self-understanding, self-esteem, self-discipline, analytical skills, empathy, human understanding, and competition. Balance between academics and the arts is essential if students are to be prepared to live well-rounded, meaningful lives in the…

Interviews male and female primary-health-care patients aged 66 to 83 years (N=14) in regard to their fears in connection with their present symptoms and in general. Results show that diseases believed to entail disability, bodily changes, and/or loss of control over body and environment were the most feared. (Author/MKA)

Study examines refusal skills developed by young people (N=743) who have not participated in a smoking-prevention program and sets out to identify issues relating to refusal or acceptance of cigarettes in the context of gender, self-perception, and refusal skills. Findings reemphasize the complexity of the process young people must undergo in…

Reviews research on four dimensions of temperament: positive emotionality/approach, fear, irritability/frustration, and attentional persistence. Applies knowledge of temperament to teachers' approaches to children's mastery motivation, fear of novelty, and ego-based anxiety. Argues that educators' training should include understanding of…

Evaluated modes of anger expression in 104 adolescent suicide attempters and 323 high school students. Results indicated that, in comparison to the control group of high school students, suicidal adolescents displayed an increased likelihood of experiencing anger, reported significantly higher levels of both internalized and externalized anger,…