The adaptation of Tanzanian students of education to a new way of life that successfully integrates tribal influences with modern ideas creates a personal crisis. (CK)

Teaching today should be more student oriented if students are to learn to inquire, think, and learn autonomously. (CK)

Discusses the role of play in development from both cultural-evolutionary and ontogenetic-historical perspectives. These perspectives illuminate how play and imitation are important for the developing individual who is seen as influencing a changing cultural environment. (Author/RH)

Twenty-two infants (6.7 to 12.3 months old) were tested on a visual-cliff apparatus both crawling and in a walker. Results suggest a maturation-based explanation of cliff-avoidance in infants. (CM)

Views various ways in which ethnic groups seek to reaffirm their own worth, including minority consciousness, consciousness-raising, particularized cultural values, and comparing one's own cultural group favorably with all other group. Suggests that all peoples should remember that, in addition to having an ethnic background, they all share a more…

If school personnel are to do their jobs well, they must master the principles of positive growth for their own lives. Developing a positive view of self is not an easy task. Discusses the personal characteristics necessary for one to grow and to be able to accept change. (Author/RK)

The conflict management skills of 16 women receiving self-esteem training were assessed before and after the program. Most made significant gains in self-esteem and at the same time developed nonadversarial styles of conflict management. (SK)

The Personal Development Plan is a process through which individuals take responsibility for planning their training and development. The process involves assessing one's life as a whole, including expectations, ambitions, job skills, home and personal life, and the wider community. (SK)

Argues that while education is essential for democracy, democracy is also essential for education. Thus, the teaching of democratic values should form the foundation of the education curriculum, the object of which is to encourage individual choices, experiences, and empowerment thereby achieving a continued capacity for growth. (Contains 23…

In a participative psycho-biographical study, interviews with 16 individuals investigated the effect of spirituality on career behavior. Spirituality influenced career purpose, sense-making, and career coherence. It inspired four purposes: developing/becoming self, unity with others, expressing self, and serving others. (Contains 55 references.)…

Proposes the Integral Nursing framework, which combines Wilber's All-Quadrant/All-Level model, a heuristic device to organize human experience, and the Spiral Dynamics model of human development organized around value memes or cultural units of information. Includes commentary by Beth L. Rodgers. (Contains 17 references.) (JOW)

A life-course development perspective depicts stages of family development with tasks for each stage. It addresses the diversity of family relationships and illustrates how human development includes individual, generational, and historical time. (Contains 14 references.) (SK)