Educational background, length of time in one position, and sex were significant variables. The additive effect of these variables on the status of administrators was strong. Sex was the strongest variable, indicating women's needs to examine and imitate characteristics of male deans and presidents. (Author)

Role models serve important functions for students, providing standards against which students can evaluate themselves, and motivating students toward innovative achievement. The findings of a study show that students tend to prefer models of the same sex. (Author/MLW)

Studied the perceived needs of women in higher education. Results showed educators did not generally recognize sex-specific educational differences. There is a need for women role models, women's educational planning, and career and personal counseling. Institutions must provide such options for women to be competitive. (JAC)

Parental modeling and reinforcement antecedents of masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated sex role orientations were tested for a group of college men and women. (Author)

Discusses retention, role modeling, and academic readiness as these issues relate to ethnic minority students in higher education. Discussion revolves around the need to stem the unusually high rates of attrition of minority students through academic role modeling and recognition of the concept of delayed academic readiness. (Author)

Females were more influenced by female models in their choice of career than were males. No effect of sex-role attitude appeared. The particular importance of female models for female students was discussed. (Author)

Five-, eight-, and eleven-year-olds performed object assembly tasks alone, before a neutral observer, or before observers needing to learn about the task. Performances by children in this last condition were consistently superior to those in the other conditions. Neutral audiences had negative effects on eleven-year-olds. (RL)

Provides summary and analysis of literature on the counselor's role in school discipline. Roles are grouped into six categories: mediator, ombudsman, consultant, psychological educator, special program developer, and counselor. Counselors may find roles that satisfy the needs of their students and are appropriate to their own personalities and…

Successful disadvantaged college students were used as peer tutor-counselors in a program designed to meet the needs of incoming disadvantaged freshmen. Retention rates were compared to a group of disadvantaged students without peer tutor-counselors. The higher rate of retention by the group utilizing tutor-counselors is discussed along with…

Studies effects of behavior rehearsal and audiotaped vignettes added to an assertion training lecture series for third graders. While clear increases in assertion were found, no effect on neuroticism or trait anxiety was noted. It was recommended that school mental health programs include an assertiveness segment in their curriculum. (Author/BEF)

Some schools do a poor job of preparing youth for responsible adulthood. The root problems seem to be failure to perceive adequately the urgency of the socialization problem and the tendency to oversimplify the measures needed to correct the situation. (Author/MLF)

There is mounting evidence that the best way to serve the needs of both educators and of enlightened change is to adopt a highly flexible, interpersonal approach with a bare minimum of preconceptions and organizational props. (MM)

Points out the responsibility of educational administrators to become aware of the ways in which the school, its environment and its staff, contribute to the views that children, especially girls, have of themselves. Only then can administrators help their students develop his/her potential to the fullest. (Author/RK)

Argues that "mere knowledge of any ethnic world view and the adorning of its surface symbols are insufficient for the purposes of self-identity, and attempts to accomplish political goals based on such superficialities are counter productive for the needs of a multi-colored, multi-lingual, technological world community." (Author/JM)

Literature examining compliance with majority opinion, obedience to authority, maladaptive implications of such conformity and ways to counteract it is presented. Suggestions are given for making students aware of conformity and techniques of appropriate resistance. The special problem of peer group pressure for adolescents is considered. (Author)