This article discusses the scientific debate that has been held in the "International Journal of Lifelong Education" (IJLE) over the past four decades concerning intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) and adult learning and education (ALE) policies. Drawing upon a field-analytical perspective comprising the political and scientific…

The purpose of this paper was to investigate school educators' perspectives on Restorative Practices (RP) in Aotearoa, New Zealand elementary schools. Based on a case study design, this study collected qualitative data by interviewing and observing elementary teachers and principals. Five themes were drawn from the data: showing empathy, making…

Despite the known impact of exposure to adversity on academic outcomes, the role of adversity, particularly expanded forms of adversity, is overlooked within school discipline. Disproportionate application of exclusionary discipline is known to feed disparate educational and criminal justice pathways, particularly for Black and Indigenous males.…

Worldwide accreditation systems for higher education are used by institutions and programmes to demonstrate their legitimacy to deliver quality education. Although there are many perceived benefits and criticisms of accreditation and little empirical research on its impact for improvement, there is still an increasing demand for this form of…

Online teaching or distance learning applications in education process are becoming more important day by day. Especially like as happens as nowadays -- during the pandemics, online teacher education becomes more important meaning to continue the education. As in face-to-face education, teachers are the most important part of the education…

For over 15 years, researchers have described a crisis in early learning classrooms in the United States. Hundreds of children are expelled from child-care programs and preschools every day, a rate nearly three times that of kindergarten-12th grade students. While policymakers have taken steps to mitigate this crisis, disparities in who is…

This report examines out-of-school suspension data from the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) from the 2011-12 school year through 2017-18, tracking trends over time and differences in suspension rates of students based on their race and ethnicity, school level, and disability status. Data is presented at national and state levels, and because…

For decades, redirecting Black students' behavior has been the focal point of mitigating discipline disparities among Black student behavior despite the evidence suggesting the involvement of educators and the possibility of their discipline practices perpetuating this issue. The literature has yet to address a coaching approach to professional…

There is an issue occurring in public schools that is not often addressed and that is the Black-White disparity in exclusionary discipline. The conversation often centers around the "achievement gap" or more recently the "opportunity gap". But what are some of the factors that can be addressed in schools that are leading to…

The purpose of this quantitative study was to analyze the data from schools that have and have not implemented AVID for at least three years to determine what difference, if any, existed between the schools' racial discipline gap. This study compared both the suspension and expulsion outcomes of students of color and White students in Minnesota…

One of the controversies surrounding charter schools is whether these schools may either "cream skim" high-performing students from traditional public schools or "pushout" low-achieving students or students with discipline histories, leaving traditional public schools to educate the most challenging students. In this study, we…

Despite interest in the contributions of school discipline to the creation of racial inequality, previous research has been unable to identify how students who receive suspensions in school differ from unsuspended classmates on key young adult outcomes. We utilize novel data to document the links between high school discipline and important young…

Racial inequality in exclusionary discipline is a salient educational equity issue. The implications of educators' discretion in administering discipline and the complexity of repeated office discipline referrals (ODRs) and suspensions are reflected in school discipline policy debates nationwide. This brief uses New York City to learn more about…

For more than a decade, the Financial Technology (FinTech) industry has been growing, and it has reshaped how payments were made and brought new financial service products to the market. FinTech has created innovative disruptions to traditional, long-established financial institutions (e.g., banks and investment firms) in financial services…

This study aimed to determine the variables affecting the eye-movements of second-language (L2) learners of Turkish in Türkiye while solving a test consisting of questions that included graphics. A total of 115 L2 learners participated in the research (21 in the pilot study and 94 in the main study). We presented a test consisting of five…