In Germany, a remarkable number of young people leave school with the qualification required for entrance to higher education ("Abitur") but do not actually go on to university. Instead, these young people--known in German as "Abiturienten"--start an apprenticeship within what is known in Germany as the "Dual-System".…

The move to a market model of schooling has seen a radical restructuring of the ways schooling is "done" in recent times in Western countries. Although there has been a great deal of work to examine the effects of a market model on local school management (LSM), teachers' work and university systems, relatively little has been done to…

This paper describes qualitative and quantitative research conducted with middle school students participating in a Future Cities Engineering course. Insights were sought regarding both affective and cognitive changes which transpired during the one-semester schedule of activities focused on modeling the infrastructure of a city built 150 years in…

This collection of cognitive and affective objectives, and related measurement instruments, concerns knowledge of and attitudes toward prescription drugs, tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs. It describes procedures used in developing, field testing, administering, and scoring the tests. Objectives are listed by grade range: secondary (grades…

This collection of fifty objectives, related sample items, and directions for administering and scoring, is divided into three sections. The first, growth and development, deals with basic factual information relating to sex education; both animal and human biology are included. The second section, social and emotional growth, deals with the…

The development of an instructional package for use with selected readings in a cultural anthropology course at the College of Marin is outlined in this paper. Introductory material indicates that an effort was made to create a learning package based on formal objectives spanning the readings in the course text, to respond to student needs, and to…

The administration of the District of Columbia Public Schools has developed a plan for coping with the issues of the 1985-86 school year and achieving long range objectives for the period 1983-87. An outline of the 29 steps of the planning process explaining the input of each relevant division and office, togetyher with a timelines chart, is…

"Project Assist," conducted in two elementary schools and one junior high school, tested the hypothesis that students in schools with trained instructional reading aides will read better than students in schools with either untrained aides or no aides. This report presents data on the project gathered during the 1974-1975 school year.…

This paper presents an overview of the philosophical/historical background of moral education in the United States and describes an instructional program developed to teach junior high school students a behavioral strategy for acting ethically. Entitled "Skills for Ethical Action," (SEA), this program was devised in the 1970's to help…

Four factors essential to determining how many items should be constructed or sampled for a set of objectives are examined: (1) importance and type of decisions to be made with the results; (2) importance and emphases assigned to the instructional and behavioral objectives; (3) number of objectives; (4) practical constraints, such as item writing…

Exercises and accompanying explanations are provided in a two-part learning module designed to assist instructors in writing behavioral objectives that can be used to measure the attitudinal effects of course material on students. Part I of the module defines behavioral objectives as those which call for specific responses from learners and…

This paper is a guide for determining how to measure the goals of citizen education programs. It presents a procedure by which educators or evaluators can identify program goals and determine what types of measures can best assess achievement of the goals. It does not suggest specific tests or measurement instruments; those can be developed or…

Problems in constructing criterion referenced tests related to inadequate technical criteria, and guidelines for their solution are discussed. The need to select a well-defined domain of behaviors is emphasized as the key to test construction and to understanding students' test performance. Considerations must also be given to the most effective…

In conjunction with a new set of regulations dealing with health and physical education programs in Pennsylvania school districts, effective July 1, 1975, the Department of Education outlines in this report competencies and objectives which school districts are encouraged to use to develop quality programs. The physical education competencies…

Because today's college administrators must find an acceptable balance between educational desirability, economic feasibility, political expediency, social relevancy, and philosophical defensibility, many have turned to Management by Objectives (MBO), which coordinates management activities with institutional goals. MBO is concerned with the…