Based on primary sources published in the Soviet Bloc, this article compares the stated goals of Marxist guidance with actual outcomes, and identifies the foundations of guidance in the Soviet Bloc in terms of Marxist philosophy and social doctrine. Current symptoms of ideological unrest in socialist society as exemplified by the suppressed reform…

Explains structural procedural objectives which are based upon knowledge structure and cognitive processes and proposes a rationale for using them in nutrition education curriculum guides instead of behavioral objectives. (DC)

Asserts that existing accountability policies assume that a single behaviorist theory is the one best system for effective education. Examines the pitfalls of the one-system approach through the examples of John Stuart Mill's utilitarian upbringing and "Gradgrindism" in Charles Dickens' novel "Hard Times." (SK)

This paper establishes a set of criteria which can be used by a curriculum specialist for accepting or modifying a client's goals, and discusses the possible justification of attempting to replace a client's goals with one's own. (Author/KC)

Focusing on subjectivity and objectivity in the experience of art, this article concentrates on the kind of knowing that the knowing of art is (thinking, feeling, conation, intuition) and on the aesthetic intuition which transforms this knowledge. Discusses implications for art education. (DB)

With burgeoning numbers of programs available for mid-life education, accurate descriptions of program objectives and rationale can help potential participants identify the programs that will meet their needs. (SK)

The use of highly specific objectives can be the basis for a second-year podiatric surgical residency program. They show both residents and attending staff precisely the knowledge and skills to be achieved and aid evaluation of students. A series of objectives is provided. (MSE)

Realizing that students usually approach an introductory statistics course on the college level with a mixed set of fears, a course instructor devised a course introduction which emphasized that statistics were no more than tools to make sense out of research data and could be used by students much in the way that other tools were used. (DB)

After discussing the advantages and limitations of behavioral instructional objectives, recommends the use of "specified encounters" to complement those activities for which behavioral objectives can be specified. Describes these encounters as planned events with outcomes which vary with the individual. (AYC)

In response to Richard Morrill's essay on values education, the diversity of the verbs used to describe values education is discussed. Focus is on diversity in diagnoses and pedagogical goals as well as the range of strategies used by those who recognize the diversity. (Author/JMF)

Using word attack reading skills as an example, the article focuses on a process for translating the IEP (individualized education program) into a guide for effective instructional planning with handicapped students. (CL)

Discusses educational standards and accountability at open-door colleges. Suggests that reading, organizing, synthesizing, and writing skills are of prime importance and that, in order to strengthen these skills, at least one-third of all course testing should use a subjective format. (DR)