This study involved the investigation of the differential validity hypothesis as it pertained to the disadvantaged college student. It evaluated, by means of a multiple regression analysis, the use of SAT scores (Math and Verbal) and the Nelson-Denny Reading Test as predictors of college success, as measured by semester grade point average, for…

Eleven annotations of studies or summaries of studies that are entered in the ERIC system are presented in this leaflet. All the annotations concern principals' behavior characteristics and institutional programs that are related to school success as measured by student achievement. The studies reviewed agree that exemplary principals share a…

Smith reviews a book based on an analysis of at least 11 distinct data sets from empirical studies on intergenerational mobility and status attainment. A few key themes of more than general interest are discussed from each chapter. First, chapters 3-6 are discussed, which Smith considers the best of the book and which trace the main paths of…

A cognitive/behavioral model of depression emphasizing the self-control processes of self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement views self-control as a set of processes by which an individual maintains responses in the relative absence of immediate external reinforcement. The relationship between self-evaluation, attributional style,…

Recent growth of sport psychology research has led to studies of the attitudes of women in sports. Using the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test with 736 male and female subjects, one study found that: (1) Males with a masculine self description had the lowest levels of sports anxiety; (2) The "feminine" males had a very…

Although the literature suggests that large budgets can be equated with successful public relations, a study that involved personal interviews with 27 public relations executives in Alabama's state colleges and universities and a telephone survey of 1,250 Alabama citizens concluded that individuals know their supporting publics well because of…

This report describes the New York City School Improvement Project, a program designed to help participating schools to improve their instructional effectiveness through school based planning groups that represent the schools' constituencies. The project design and procedures for determining the needs of individual schools are discussed, as are…

Project Citywork was a demonstration project to provide employment for disadvantaged youth, and at the same time to determine which kinds of programs tend to work, and which do not. The program included work experience in nonprofit agencies; on-the-job training in the private sector; supportive services including counseling and classroom training,…

Issues associated with the ACT (American College Testing) Assessment Program illustrate the need to assess college entrance examinations in terms of the variety of common predictive uses such as estimation of first year grade point average (GPA), or chances of obtaining a C average after certain semesters or in specific courses. Test developers…

Two papers concerning staff development for small/rural community colleges are presented. In the first, practices at small/rural colleges are contrasted with those at larger and more urban colleges. It is noted that (1) small colleges try to keep pace with institutional growth and development needs mostly in the area of curriculum, disregarding…

Problem-solving performance and goal-setting behavior were investigated in 156 undergraduates who, on Mehrabian's Achievement Scales, demonstrated either the motive to approach success or the motive to avoid failure. Different expectations of success or failure were induced by fictitious preperformance information. The degree of success or failure…

Solutions to specific problems associated with intercollegiate athletics, primarily men's spectator sports and particularly football, are proposed in order to enhance the values of the sports programs at small colleges. After a historical summary of recurrent problems, recent proposals are noted. It is argued that most proposals for dealing with…

Literature concerning factors associated with academic performance and withdrawal from college is reviewed separately for North American, United Kingdom, and Australian universities to help illuminate the problem of student withdrawal in Australia. V. Tinto's 1975 research review concerning North American college dropouts is summarized, and…

A review of research linking elementary principal "antecedents" (defined as traits), behaviors, school conditions, and student outcomes furnishes few supportable generalizations. The studies relating principal antecedents with behavior and principal antecedents with organizational variables reveals that the trait theory of leadership has…

Information on basic skills improvement programs is provided through a review of research findings concerned with the factors determining quality education. These factors fall into four key areas: (1) the classroom--use of time, classroom climate/control, teacher behaviors, student behavior, organization of instruction; (2)…