A positive reinforcement program initiated by a school nurse improved the hygiene habits of two mainstreamed learning disabled youngsters. The students' ability to clean their hands, faces, and teeth was significantly increased, and their adjustment to a regular classroom was made easier. (PP)

Before and after a pedestrian training program for preschoolers and their parents, parents displayed better road crossing behavior than their children. After the program, parents provided better examples when crossing with children and gave their children more verbal instructions. Children displayed the trained behaviors more frequently after the…

A health education curriculum guide designed for nonhandicapped students was used with special education students in Canton, Ohio. The activity-centered curriculum changed the health beliefs and behavior of some children with learning disabilities but was not effective with those whose Intelligence Quotient scores were below 80. (Author/PP)

Explores the relationship between a general theory of living systems and the conceptualization and practice of counseling. Emphasis is placed on the individual. After providing a rationale for adopting a systems perspective, specific system dimensions are discussed. The relationship of these dimensions to current counseling theories is developed.…

A study of how female college students' behavior was affected by their awareness, knowledge, and perception of the risk of toxic shock syndrome shows that about 21 percent of those interviewed bought different products after learning of the disease. Implications for health education are drawn. (Authors/PP)

Behavioral techniques along with a self-regulation methodology were used successfully to decrease encopretic behaviors in a 9-year-old male. Kanfer's self-regulatory model appears to be generalizable to any child with the cognitive ability to understand that he or she has a problem and to make decisions about treatment. (Author/PN)

Investigators studied whether a systematically designed recreation program stressing cooperation and interaction among mentally retarded adults would increase the duration and frequency of social contacts. While the program did increase the frequency of social interactions, effects did not carry over after it ended. (Author/PP)

Following training and experience as peer tutors in a behaviorally oriented reading program for junior high school students, formerly disruptive students decreased their disruptive behaviors and exhibited improved morale and increased academic progress. This article describes the program and provides suggestions for implementing a similar one.…

Research suggests that adults can help students become more responsible by teaching them new ways of thinking about self-control and new skills and strategies for self-control. (JM)

The use of reinforcement to reduce inappropriate behaviors of mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed students may involve the following procedures: differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL), the differential reinforcement of response omission (DRO), and the differential reinforcement of incompatible (DRI) or alternative…

This paper reports on research analyzing the psychological dynamics behind school administrators' personnel decisions. As individuals become more aware of their own psychological constructs and those of others, the total number of constructs employed tends to increase and to be organized in a more complex, integrated manner. (PP)

Hypothesized clients would change whether counselors' interpreted symptoms as connoting negative characteristics or positive characteristics. Students in two treatment conditions decreased their depression significantly during treatment. Students receiving negative connotative interpretations experienced symptom relapse following treatment;…