This study examined a system for fading teacher prompts to children who served as peers in peer-initiation interventions for young children with disabilities (n=6). Results indicated that social interaction continued at the levels found during intervention and was maintained during a short maintenance period. (Author/DB)

In 1973 and 1988, researchers surveyed unmarried college students regarding gender-specific sexual behaviors and attitudes. Both sexes reported increased sexual and decreased nonsexual relationships. Most students felt adequately informed about sexuality and satisfied with their relationships. Students indicated a need for sexuality education on…

The authors of EC 606 783 examine the background of instructive feedback stimuli either related or unrelated to target behaviors, devised for students with disabilities. Issues discussed include the selection of feedback stimuli, presentation of feedback stimuli, and unique applications of instructive feedback. (DB)

Examined the influence of changes in child-care teachers and changes in teacher-child relationships on children's social competence with peers. Both changes in primary teachers and changes in teacher-child relationships were associated with changes in children's social competence with peers. (Author/BB)

The literature on fears and phobias of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is reviewed. Assessment procedures are then examined, including interviews, self-reports, parent rating scales, and behavioral observations. Interventions are drawn from the principles of respondent, operant, and vicarious conditioning. (Author/DB)

Analysis of parent (n=584) responses to good and bad grades received by their children in college allowed categorization of reactions into five categories. Results suggest that parental reactions are not only attempts at changing student behavior but also may be viewed as emotional responses expressing personal needs and values. (Author/MSE)

Among 110 Mexican-American adolescents in a Texas drug abuse program, initial use of toxicant inhalants was related to availability and sensation-seeking, followed by psychological problems, parental and home problems, and peer influence. Quitting inhalant use was related to social pressures, attitude change, and perceived health risks. (Author/SV)

A group of 61 college students received instruction about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and 68 did not. Pre/posttests showed widespread acceptance of conventional wisdom prior to the study. Few behavioral changes occurred in the experimental group, although their attitudes toward interacting with AIDS victims and mandatory testing…

Reviews conceptualization of change as series of accumulating increments and decrements and depiction of change by growth curves as continuous process underlying individual performance. Clarifies problems with use of difference scores in study of change. Contrasts traditional methods with growth curve analysis for purposes of measuring change and…

Categorized 68 gay men who earlier attended Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention sessions as successful or unsuccessful in change maintenance. Resumption of high-risk sexual practices was associated with identified variables, such as age and number of past sex partners, and 86 percent of subjects could be classified as relapsers…

A retrospective evaluation of restrictive behavior programs in a state residential facility for persons with mental retardation found beneficial behavioral effects. The behavior programs reviewed utilized isolation timeout, exclusion timeout, response cost, prone restraint, seated restraint, timeout device, nonexclusion timeout, standing…

Interviewed 72 heroin-addicted female street prostitutes and assessed fear of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), AIDS risk reduction behavior, and prostitutes' recommendations for AIDS risk reduction programs. Self-reported data showed that, although subjects were afraid of AIDS, irrationality produced by addiction compelled risky…

The combined effects of double-prompting and booster session procedures on the social behavior of four socially withdrawn preschool children were investigated. Results indicated that the intervention procedures increased subjects' initiations in organizing play, sharing, and assisting and that there were collateral increases in subjects'…

Analysis of the contraceptive behavior of 123 young adults indicates that (1) interventions to change high-risk behaviors need to address differing perceptions of pregnancy and disease prevention and (2) interventions will be more effective if positive aspects of using contraceptives are made more salient. (SK)

Without organizationwide commitment to training programs, educators may be able to increase learners' self-efficacy to acquire desired skills or behavior. But behavior and skills will not be transferred to the job if learners have low expectations about their use or if positive reinforcement is lacking. (SK)