This document summarizes discussions at an invitational workshop on women in Nigeria. The discussion centered on overcoming sex bias and discrimination in all areas of life so that women could contribute to the national development effort. The following broad topics were discussed: (1) cultural attitudes that discourage the education of women; (2)…

This paper outlines and discusses four rationales for using computers in schools: (1) the social rationale, which states that it is necessary for children to become aware and unafraid of computers in order to prepare for life and work in an industrial society; (2) the vocational rationale, which states that children should learn computer…

This paper raises questions about many bibliographic standards developed over the past 20 years, and challenges librarians to consider how standards might evolve. A brief overview is given of the aims of Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) and to some assumptions common to much standardization work in recent years inspired by the concept of UBC.…

The Oceania Literacy Development Program is conducted by the International Reading Association's International Development in Oceania Committee in conjunction with the Australian and New Zealand Reading Associations. The program was designed around three distinct but interdependent roles for the groups involved. First, direction is provided by key…

Do Mexico's schools provide geographic learning opportunities to students and does equal opportunity to learn exist? The site for this study was Baja California's school district of Ensenada. Geographic education in urban primary and secondary schools was examined. School administrators and select teachers from 40 schools were asked about time…

The digest presents statistics on universities in Nigeria, by year, from 1980/81 to 1985/86. The data provide information on: (1) new students and total enrollment by university department, sex, institution, state of origin, and level of course; (2) academic staff by institution, university department, sex, and nationality; and (3) total degrees,…

This guide to the development of reading and reading-related materials for newly literate individuals is designed for use in developing nations in the Asian Pacific region with relatively large neo-literate populations who may have little opportunity to practice and improve literacy skills. The guide consists of three sections. The first section…

The Donor Agencies Workshop involved individuals from a wide range of academic disciplines and other fields that helped develop the expertise of foreign students, scholars, and trainees to increase the educational and economic resources of their home countries. This report presents the remarks made by the 47 workshop participants concerning: (1)…

This report of the proceedings of the 50th anniversary year of the International Council for Distance Education (ICDE) includes: (1) the text of the address given by Kevin Smith, the outgoing president of the organization; (2) a review by the outgoing president of activities of the ICDE during its first 50 years (from 1938 to 1988); (3) the text…

This game simulates trade and food production in the West African region of the Sahel which is susceptible to drought. Players are divided into teams of two and four persons, each team assuming the role of a farming household in the Sahel. Teammates collaborate on production and trade decisions under conditions of dearth and plenty. The game…

In developing countries, the demand for educational dollars is greater than the supply. Priorities must be selected for open higher education in both methods and subject matter. Developing countries should give a higher priority to vocational education. Since well before World War II, distance education has been available in New Zealand.…

The overwhelming impression from an examination of developing nations throughout the world is that there is no neat and universal explanation of what employers want from school and university education. Neither does there appear to be any firm connection between scholastic qualifications and job functions. The nearly universal absence of a…

To establish a definition of costs in education, a "concept map" is established to which inevitable questions of inclusion and exclusion can be addressed. A specific case, namely the costs of practical/vocational subjects, is then presented. It also includes a profile of benefits, since with regard to vocational education, much more than…

The Junior Secondary School (JSS) program introduced in 1976 appears to have been the answer to the popular call for educational reform in Ghana. Vocationalization actually starts at the JSS level. JSS students are not trained for any particular occupation but are exposed to prevocational experiences to enable them to discover their aptitudes and…

Papers presented at an open forum on IFLA core programs held at the 1986 general conference of IFLA include: (1) "The Current Activities of the IFLA International MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) Programme: International MARC Project--Deutsche Bibliothek (IMP-DB)," (Dieter Wolf, Germany), which reviews the duties of the IMP-DB program…